The American Journal of Archaeology, 1893-1 | Page 9

building of which
[Greek: proneôs] and [Greek: Parthenôn] were parts, i.e., that a part of
a temple could not be called [Greek: neôs]. Yet in the inscription
published by Lolling the [Greek: proneion] and the [Greek: neôs] are
mentioned in apparent contradistinction to [Greek: apan to
Ecatompedon]. It seems, as Dörpfeld says, only natural that the [Greek:
neôs] should belong to the same building as the [Greek: proneôs].]
Among the objects mentioned in the lists of treasure handed over by
one board of [Greek: tamiai] to the next (Ueberyab-Urkunden or
"transmission-lists") are parts of a statue of Athena with a base and a
[Greek Nike] and a shield [Greek: en tô Ekatompedô]. The material of

this statue is gold and ivory. The only gold and ivory statue of Athena
on the Acropolis was, so far as is known, the so-called Parthenos of
Pheidias. Those inscriptions therefore prove that the Parthenos stood in
the Hekatompedos (or Hekatompedon); that is, that the eastern cella of
the Parthenon was called [Greek: Ecatompedos (ov)] in the fifth
century.[21] Certainly, if there had been a second chryselephantine
statue of Athena on the Acropolis, we should know of its existence.
[Footnote 21: This was shown by U. KÖHLER. Mitth., v, p. 89 ff., and
again by DÖRPFELD, xv, 480 ff, who quote the inscriptions.
LOLLING'S distinction between [Greek: to agalma] and [Greek: to
chrusoun agalma] cannot be maintained. cf. U. Köhler, Sitzungsber, d.
Berlin. Akad., 1889, p. 223.]
When the Athenians built the great western room of the Parthenon, they
certainly did not intend it to serve merely as a store-room for the
objects described in the transmission-lists as [Greek: en tô Parthenôn]
or [ek tou Parthenônos], these being mostly of little value or broken.[22]
Now the treasury of Athens was the opisthodomos, and the western
room of the Parthenon was, from the moment of the completion of the
building, the greatest opisthodomos in Athens. It is Page 11 natural to
regard this (with Lolling) as the opisthodomos where the treasure was
kept. This room was doubtless divided into three parts by two partitions
of some sort, probably of metal,[23] running from the eastern and
western wall to the nearest columns and connecting the columns. This
arrangement agrees with the provision (CIA, I, 32) that the monies of
Athena be cared for [Greek: en tô dexi tou opisthodomou], those of the
other gods [Greek: en tô ep dexeia tou opisthodomou]. Until the
completion of the Parthenon, the opisthodomos of the pre-Persian
temple might properly be the opisthodomos [Greek: cat exochen], but
so soon as the Parthenon was finished, the new treasure-house would
naturally usurp the name as well as the functions of its predecessor.
[Footnote 22: A general view of these transmission-lists may be found
at the back of MICHAELIS' der Parthenon: See also H. LEHNER,
Ueber die attischen Schatzverzeichnisse des vierten Jahrhunderts
(which Lolling cites. I have not seen it.)]

[Footnote 23: See plans of the Parthenon, for instance, the one in the
plan of the Acropolis accompanying Dörpfeld's article, Mitth., XII, Taf.
1.]
But, if the western room of the Periclean temple was the opisthodomos,
where was the [Greek: Parthenôn] proper? It cannot be identical with
the [Greek: neôs o Ecatompedos] nor with the opisthodomos, for the
three appellations occur at the same date evidently designating three
different places. It would be easier to tell where the [Greek: Parthenôn]
proper was, if we knew why it was called [Greek: Parthenôn]. The
name was in all probability not derived from the Parthenos, but rather
the statue was named from the Parthenon after the latter appellation
had been extended to the whole building, for there is no evidence that
the great statue was called Parthenos from the first. Its official title was,
so far as is known, never Parthenos.[24] The Parthenon was not so
named because it contained the Parthenos, but why it was so named we
do not know. The [Greek: proneôs] is certainly the front porch, the
[Greek: Ecatompedos neôs] is certainly the cella, 100 feet long, the
[Greek: opisthodomos] is the rear apartment of some building, (even if
I have not made it seem probable that it is the rear apartment of the
Parthenon). These names carry their explanation with them. But the
name [Greek: Parthenôn] gives us no information. It was a part of the
great Periclean temple, for the name was in later times applied to the
whole building, and the only part of the building not named is the
western porch. It Page 12 is, however, incredible that the Athenians
should use this porch, so prominently exposed to the eyes of every
sight-seer, as a storehouse for festival apparatus, etc. It is more
probable that the [Greek: Parthenôn] proper was within the walls of the
building but separated from the other parts