Himalayan Journals, vol 2 | Page 7

of quartz. Below
7000 feet, mica-schist prevails, always inclined at a very high angle;
and I found jasper near Namtchi, with other indications of Plutonic
action.
The descent on the north side was steep, through a rank vegetation,
very different from that of the south face. The oaks are very grand, and
I measured one (whose trunk was decayed, and split into three,
however), which I found to be 49 feet in girth at 5 feet from the ground.
Near Temi (alt. 4,770 feet) I gathered the fruit of _Kadsura,_ a
climbing plant allied to Magnolia, bearing round heads of large fleshy
red drupes, which are pleasantly acid and much eaten; the seeds are
very aromatic.
From Temi the road descends to the Teesta, the course of which it
afterwards follows. The valley was fearfully hot, and infested with
mosquitos and peepsas. Many fine plants grew in it:* [Especially upon
the broad terraces of gravel, some of which are upwards of a mile long,

and 200 feet above the stream: they are covered with boulders of rock,
and are generally opposite feeders of the river.] I especially noticed
_Aristolochia saccata,_ which climbs the loftiest trees, bearing its
curious pitcher-shaped flowers near the ground only; its leaves are said
to be good food for cattle. _Houttuynia,_ a curious herb allied to pepper,
grew on the banks, which, from the profusion of its white flowers,
resembled strawberry-beds; the leaves are eaten by the Lepchas. But
the most magnificent plant of these jungles is _Hodgsonia,_ (a genus I
have dedicated to my friend, Mr. Hodgson), a gigantic climber allied to
the gourd, bearing immense yellowish-white pendulous blossoms,
whose petals have a fringe of buff-coloured curling threads, several
inches long. The fruit is of a rich brown, like a small melon in form,
and contains six large nuts, whose kernels (called "Katior-pot" by the
Lepchas) are eaten. The stem, when cut, discharges water profusely
from whichever end is held downwards. The "Took" (_Hydnocarpus_)
is a beautiful evergreen tree, with tufts of yellow blossoms on the trunk:
its fruit is as large as an orange, and is used to poison fish, while from
the seeds an oil is expressed. Tropical oaks and Terminalias are the
giants of these low forests, the latter especially, having buttressed
trunks, appear truly gigantic; one, of a kind called "Sung-lok,"
measured 47 feet in girth, at 5 feet, and 21 at 15 feet from the ground,
and was fully 200 feet high. I could only procure the leaves by firing a
ball into the crown. Some of their trunks lay smouldering on the ground,
emitting a curious smell from the mineral matter in their ashes, of
whose constituents an account will be found in the Appendix.
Birds are very rare, as is all animal life but insects, and a small
fresh-water crab, _Thelphusa,_ ("Ti-hi" of the Lepchas). Shells, from
the absence of lime, are extremely scarce, and I scarcely picked up a
single specimen: the most common are species of _Cyclostoma._
The rains commenced on the 10th of May, greatly increasing the
discomforts of travelling, but moderating the heat by drenching
thunder-storms, which so soaked the men's loads, that I was obliged to
halt a day in the Teesta valley to have waterproof covers made of
platted bamboo-work, enclosing Phrynium leaves. I was delighted to
find that my little tent was impervious to water, though its thickness

was but of one layer of blanket: it was a single ridge with two poles, 7
feet high, 8 feet long, and 8 feet broad at the base, forming nearly an
equilateral triangle in front.
Bhomsong was looking more beautiful than ever in its rich summer
clothing of tropical foliage. I halted during an hour of heavy rain on the
spot where I had spent the previous Christmas, and could not help
feeling doubly lonely in a place where every rock and tree reminded me
of that pleasant time. The isolation of my position, the hostility of the
Dewan, and consequent uncertainty of the success of a journey that
absorbed all my thoughts, the prevalence of fevers in the valleys I was
traversing, and the many difficulties that beset my path, all crowded on
the imagination when fevered by exertion and depressed by gloomy
weather, and my spirits involuntarily sank as I counted the many miles
and months intervening between me and my home.
The little flat on which I had formerly encamped was now covered with
a bright green crop of young rice. The house then occupied by the
Dewan was now empty and unroofed; but the suspension bridge had
been repaired, and its light framework of canes, spanning the boiling
flood of the Teesta, formed a graceful object in this most beautiful
landscape. The temperature of the river was 58 degrees, only 7