The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, vol 1 | Page 4

OF THE HORSE.
ASSES--BREEDS OF--COLOUR OF--LEG- AND
SHOULDER-STRIPES--SHOULDER-STRIPES SOMETIMES
ABSENT, SOMETIMES FORKED.

CHAPTER 1.
III.
PIGS--CATTLE--SHEEP--GOATS.
PIGS BELONG TO TWO DISTINCT TYPES, SUS SCROFA AND
INDICUS--TORFSCHWEIN-- JAPAN PIGS--FERTILITY OF
CROSSED PIGS--CHANGES IN THE SKULL OF THE HIGHLY
CULTIVATED RACES--CONVERGENCE OF
CHARACTER--GESTATION--SOLID-HOOFED SWINE--
CURIOUS APPENDAGES TO THE JAWS--DECREASE IN SIZE
OF THE TUSKS--YOUNG PIGS LONGITUDINALLY
STRIPED--FERAL PIGS--CROSSED BREEDS.
CATTLE--ZEBU A DISTINCT SPECIES--EUROPEAN CATTLE
PROBABLY DESCENDED FROM THREE WILD FORMS--ALL
THE RACES NOW FERTILE TOGETHER--BRITISH PARK
CATTLE-- ON THE COLOUR OF THE ABORIGINAL
SPECIES--CONSTITUTIONAL DIFFERENCES--SOUTH AFRICAN

RACES--SOUTH AMERICAN RACES--NIATA CATTLE--ORIGIN
OF THE VARIOUS RACES OF CATTLE.
SHEEP--REMARKABLE RACES OF--VARIATIONS ATTACHED
TO THE MALE SEX-- ADAPTATIONS TO VARIOUS
CONDITIONS--GESTATION OF--CHANGES IN THE
WOOL--SEMI- MONSTROUS BREEDS.
GOATS--REMARKABLE VARIATIONS OF.

CHAPTER 1.
IV.
DOMESTIC RABBITS.
DOMESTIC RABBITS DESCENDED FROM THE COMMON WILD
RABBIT--ANCIENT DOMESTICATION--ANCIENT
SELECTION--LARGE LOP-EARED RABBITS--VARIOUS
BREEDS-- FLUCTUATING CHARACTERS--ORIGIN OF THE
HIMALAYAN BREED--CURIOUS CASE OF
INHERITANCE--FERAL RABBITS IN JAMAICA AND THE
FALKLAND ISLANDS--PORTO SANTO FERAL
RABBITS--OSTEOLOGICAL CHARACTERS--SKULL--SKULL OF
HALF-LOP RABBITS-- VARIATIONS IN THE SKULL
ANALOGOUS TO DIFFERENCES IN DIFFERENT SPECIES OF
HARES--VERTEBRAE--STERNUM--SCAPULA--EFFECTS OF
USE AND DISUSE ON THE PROPORTIONS OF THE LIMBS AND
BODY--CAPACITY OF THE SKULL AND REDUCED SIZE OF
THE BRAIN--SUMMARY ON THE MODIFICATIONS OF
DOMESTICATED RABBITS.

CHAPTER 1.
V.
DOMESTIC PIGEONS.
ENUMERATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL
BREEDS--INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY-- VARIATIONS OF A
REMARKABLE NATURE--OSTEOLOGICAL CHARACTERS:
SKULL, LOWER JAW, NUMBER OF
VERTEBRAE--CORRELATION OF GROWTH: TONGUE WITH

BEAK; EYELIDS AND NOSTRILS WITH WATTLED
SKIN--NUMBER OF WING-FEATHERS AND LENGTH OF WING-
-COLOUR AND DOWN--WEBBED AND FEATHERED FEET--ON
THE EFFECTS OF DISUSE-- LENGTH OF FEET IN
CORRELATION WITH LENGTH OF BEAK--LENGTH OF
STERNUM, SCAPULA, AND FURCULUM--LENGTH OF
WINGS--SUMMARY ON THE POINTS OF DIFFERENCE IN THE
SEVERAL BREEDS.

CHAPTER 1.
VI.
PIGEONS--continued.
ON THE ABORIGINAL PARENT-STOCK OF THE SEVERAL
DOMESTIC RACES--HABITS OF LIFE--WILD RACES OF THE
ROCK-PIGEON--DOVECOTE-PIGEONS--PROOFS OF THE
DESCENT OF THE SEVERAL RACES FROM COLUMBA
LIVIA--FERTILITY OF THE RACES WHEN
CROSSED--REVERSION TO THE PLUMAGE OF THE WILD
ROCK-PIGEON-- CIRCUMSTANCES FAVOURABLE TO THE
FORMATION OF THE RACES--ANTIQUITY AND HISTORY OF
THE PRINCIPAL RACES--MANNER OF THEIR
FORMATION--SELECTION-- UNCONSCIOUS
SELECTION--CARE TAKEN BY FANCIERS IN SELECTING
THEIR BIRDS-- SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT STRAINS GRADUALLY
CHANGE INTO WELL-MARKED BREEDS-- EXTINCTION OF
INTERMEDIATE FORMS--CERTAIN BREEDS REMAIN
PERMANENT, WHILST OTHERS CHANGE--SUMMARY.

CHAPTER 1.
VII.
FOWLS.
BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE CHIEF BREEDS--ARGUMENTS
IN FAVOUR OF THEIR DESCENT FROM SEVERAL
SPECIES--ARGUMENTS IN FAVOUR OF ALL THE BREEDS
HAVING DESCENDED FROM GALLUS BANKIVA--REVERSION

TO THE PARENT-STOCK IN COLOUR-- ANALOGOUS
VARIATIONS--ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE FOWL--EXTERNAL
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE SEVERAL
BREEDS--EGGS--CHICKENS--SECONDARY SEXUAL
CHARACTERS-- WING-AND TAIL-FEATHERS, VOICE,
DISPOSITION, ETC.--OSTEOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES IN THE
SKULL, VERTEBRAE, ETC.--EFFECTS OF USE AND DISUSE ON
CERTAIN PARTS-- CORRELATION OF GROWTH.

CHAPTER 1.
VIII.
DUCK--GOOSE--PEACOCK--TURKEY--GUINEA-FOWL--CANAR
Y-BIRD--GOLD-FISH--HIVE- BEES--SILK-MOTHS.
DUCKS, SEVERAL BREEDS OF--PROGRESS OF
DOMESTICATION--ORIGIN OF FROM THE COMMON
WILD-DUCK--DIFFERENCES IN THE DIFFERENT
BREEDS--OSTEOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES--EFFECTS OF USE
AND DISUSE ON THE LIMB-BONES.
GOOSE, ANCIENTLY DOMESTICATED--LITTLE VARIATION
OF--SEBASTOPOL BREED.
PEACOCK, ORIGIN OF BLACK-SHOULDERED BREED.
TURKEY, BREEDS OF--CROSSED WITH THE UNITED STATES
SPECIES--EFFECTS OF CLIMATE ON.
GUINEA-FOWL, CANARY-BIRD, GOLD-FISH, HIVE-BEE.
SILK-MOTHS, SPECIES AND BREEDS OF--ANCIENTLY
DOMESTICATED--CARE IN THEIR SELECTION--DIFFERENCES
IN THE DIFFERENT RACES--IN THE EGG, CATERPILLAR, AND
COCOON STATES--INHERITANCE OF
CHARACTERS--IMPERFECT WINGS--LOST INSTINCTS--
CORRELATED CHARACTERS.

CHAPTER 1.
IX.
CULTIVATED PLANTS: CEREAL AND CULINARY PLANTS.
PRELIMINARY REMARKS ON THE NUMBER AND

PARENTAGE OF CULTIVATED PLANTS--FIRST STEPS IN
CULTIVATION--GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF
CULTIVATED PLANTS.
CEREALIA--DOUBTS ON THE NUMBER OF SPECIES--WHEAT:
VARIETIES OF--INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY--CHANGED
HABITS--SELECTION--ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE
VARIETIES-- MAIZE: GREAT VARIATION OF--DIRECT ACTION
OF CLIMATE ON.
CULINARY PLANTS--CABBAGES: VARIETIES OF, IN FOLIAGE
AND STEMS, BUT NOT IN OTHER PARTS--PARENTAGE
OF--OTHER SPECIES OF BRASSICA--PEAS: AMOUNT OF
DIFFERENCE IN THE SEVERAL KINDS, CHIEFLY IN THE PODS
AND SEED--SOME VARIETIES CONSTANT, SOME HIGHLY
VARIABLE--DO NOT INTERCROSS--BEANS-- POTATOES:
NUMEROUS VARIETIES OF--DIFFER LITTLE EXCEPT IN THE
TUBERS-- CHARACTERS INHERITED.

CHAPTER 1.
X.
PLANTS continued--FRUITS--ORNAMENTAL TREES--FLOWERS.
FRUITS--GRAPES--VARY IN ODD AND TRIFLING
PARTICULARS--MULBERRY--THE ORANGE
GROUP--SINGULAR RESULTS FROM CROSSING--PEACH AND
NECTARINE--BUD-VARIATION-- ANALOGOUS
VARIATION--RELATION TO THE
ALMOND--APRICOT--PLUMS--VARIATION IN THEIR
STONES--CHERRIES--SINGULAR VARIETIES
OF--APPLE--PEAR--STRAWBERRY-- INTERBLENDING OF THE
ORIGINAL FORMS--GOOSEBERRY--STEADY INCREASE IN
SIZE OF THE FRUIT--VARIETIES
OF--WALNUT--NUT--CUCURBITACEOUS
PLANTS--WONDERFUL VARIATION OF.
ORNAMENTAL TREES--THEIR VARIATION IN DEGREE AND
KIND--ASH-TREE--SCOTCH-FIR- -HAWTHORN.
FLOWERS--MULTIPLE ORIGIN OF MANY KINDS--VARIATION
IN CONSTITUTIONAL PECULIARITIES--KIND OF

VARIATION--ROSES--SEVERAL SPECIES
CULTIVATED--PANSY- -DAHLIA--HYACINTH--HISTORY AND
VARIATION OF.

CHAPTER 1.
XI.
ON BUD-VARIATION, AND ON CERTAIN ANOMALOUS
MODES OF REPRODUCTION AND VARIATION.
BUD-VARIATION IN THE PEACH, PLUM, CHERRY, VINE,
GOOSEBERRY, CURRANT, AND BANANA, AS SHOWN BY THE
MODIFIED FRUIT--IN FLOWERS: CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS,
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, ROSES, ETC.--ON THE RUNNING OF
THE COLOUR IN CARNATIONS --BUD-VARIATIONS IN
LEAVES--VARIATIONS BY SUCKERS, TUBERS, AND
BULBS--ON THE BREAKING OF TULIPS--BUD-VARIATIONS
GRADUATE INTO CHANGES CONSEQUENT ON CHANGED
CONDITIONS OF LIFE--GRAFT-HYBRIDS--ON THE
SEGREGATION OF THE PARENTAL CHARACTERS IN
SEMINAL HYBRIDS BY BUD-VARIATION--ON THE DIRECT OR
IMMEDIATE ACTION OF FOREIGN POLLEN ON THE
MOTHER-PLANT--ON THE EFFECTS OF A PREVIOUS
IMPREGNATION ON THE SUBSEQUENT OFFSPRING OF
FEMALE ANIMALS-- CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY.

CHAPTER 1.
XII.
INHERITANCE.
WONDERFUL NATURE OF INHERITANCE--PEDIGREES OF
OUR DOMESTICATED ANIMALS-- INHERITANCE NOT DUE TO
CHANCE--TRIFLING CHARACTERS INHERITED--DISEASES
INHERITED--PECULIARITIES IN THE EYE
INHERITED--DISEASES