The Mind of the Child, Part II | Page 2

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INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION SERIES
THE MIND OF THE CHILD
PART II
THE DEVELOPMENT
OF THE INTELLECT
OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN BEING IN THE FIRST YEARS OF LIFE
BY W. PREYER PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY IN JENA
TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL GERMAN BY H. W. BROWN TEACHER IN THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT WORCESTER, MASS.
NEW YORK D. APPLETON AND COMPANY 1895

COPYRIGHT, 1889, BY D. APPLETON AND COMPANY.

EDITOR'S PREFACE.
This second volume contains the further investigations of Professor Preyer on the mind of the child. The former volume contained the first and second portions, devoted respectively to the development of the senses and of the will. The present volume contains the third part, treating of the development of the intellect; and three appendixes are added containing supplementary matter.
Professor Preyer considers that the development of the power of using language is the most prominent index to the unfolding of the intellect. He differs with Professor Max Müller, however, on the question whether the operation of thinking can be carried on without the use of words (see the recent elaborate work of the latter on "The Science of Thought").
At my suggestion, the painstaking translator of this book has prepared a full conspectus, showing the results of Professor Preyer's careful observations in a chronological order, arranged by months. This considerable labor will render the book more practical, inasmuch as it will enable each reader to see at a glance the items of development of the child in the several departments brought together in epochs. This makes it possible to institute comparative observations under the guidance of Professor Preyer's method. I think that I do not exaggerate the value of this conspectus when I say that it doubles the value of the work to the reader.
WILLIAM T. HARRIS. CONCORD, MASS., November, 1888.

CONTENTS. PAGE
PREFACE BY THE EDITOR v
CONSPECTUS SHOWING THE PROGRESS OF THE CHILD BY MONTHS ix
THIRD PART.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTELLECT.
CHAPTER
XVI.
--DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD'S INTELLECT INDEPENDENT OF LANGUAGE 3
XVII.--LEARNING TO SPEAK 33
1. Disturbances of Speech in Adults 34 (1) Periphero-Impressive or Perceptive Disturbances, 36. (2) Central Disturbances, 37. (3) Periphero-Expressive or Articulatory Disturbances, 38.
2. The Organic Conditions of Learning to Speak 42
3. Parallel between the Disturbances of Speech in Adults and the Imperfections of Speech in the Child 45
I. Lalopathy, 47. A. The Impressive Peripheral Processes disturbed--Deafness, 47. B. The Central Processes disturbed--Dysphasia, 47. (1) The Sensory Processes centrally disturbed, 47. (2) The Sensori-motor Processes of Diction disturbed, 48. (3) The Motor Processes centrally disturbed, 49. C. The Expressive Peripheral Processes disturbed, 54. (1) Dyslalia and Alalia, 54. (2) Literal Pararthria or Paralalia, 56. (3) Bradylalia, or Bradyarthria, 57. II. Dysphasia, 58. III. Dysmimia, 62.
4. Development of Speech in the Child 64
XVIII.--FIRST SOUNDS AND BEGINNINGS OF SPEECH IN THE CASE OF A CHILD OBSERVED DAILY DURING HIS FIRST THREE YEARS 99
XIX.--DEVELOPMENT OF THE FEELING OF SELF, THE "I"-FEELING 189
XX.--SUMMARY OF RESULTS 208
APPENDIXES.
APPENDIX A.--Comparative Observations concerning the Acquirement of Speech by German and Foreign Children 221 (a) Diary of the Child of the Baroness von Taube, of Esthonia, 261.
APPENDIX B.--Notes concerning Lacking, Defective, and Arrested Mental Development in the First Years of Life 272
APPENDIX C.--Reports concerning the Process of Learning to See, on the part of Persons born blind, but acquiring Sight through Surgical Treatment. Also some Critical Remarks 286
I. The Chesselden Case, 286. II, III. The Ware Cases, 288. IV, V. The Home Cases, 296. VI. The Wardrop Case, 300. VII. The Franz Case, 306. Final Remarks, 312.

A CONSPECTUS OF THE OBSERVATIONS OF PROFESSOR PREYER ON THE MIND OF THE CHILD.
ARRANGED CHRONOLOGICALLY BY MONTHS, FOR THE CONVENIENCE OF THOSE WHO WISH TO VERIFY THESE OBSERVATIONS, OR TO USE THEM AS A GUIDE IN THEIR OWN INVESTIGATIONS.
BY H. W. BROWN.
FIRST MONTH.
SENSES.[A]
SIGHT.--Light.--Five minutes after birth, slight sensibility to light (2). Second day, sensitiveness to light of candle (3). Sixth and seventh days, pleasure in moderately bright daylight (3, 4). Ninth and tenth days, sensitiveness greater at waking than soon afterward (3). Sleeping babes close the eyes more tightly when light falls on the eyes (4). Eleventh day, pleasure in light of candle and in bright object (3).
Discrimination of Colors.--Twenty-third day, pleasure in sight of rose-colored curtain (6).
Movements of Eyelids.--First to eleventh day, shutting and opening of eyes (22). Irregular movements (23). Lid closed at touch of lashes from sixth day on (26). Twenty-fifth day, eyes opened and shut when child is spoken to or nodded to (30).
Pleasure shown by opening eyes wide, displeasure by shutting them tightly; third, sixteenth, and twenty-first days (31).
Movements of Eyes.--First day, to right and left (35). Tenth day, non-co?rdinated movements (36). Third week, irregularity prevails (37).
Direction of Look.--Eleventh day, to father's face and to the light