case that adverse circumstances compel the great bulk of them to 
have recourse to the hardest, the most precarious, and the worst paid 
employments to be found in the British labour market. 
In the large towns, in the poorer streets in which our people live, a 
stranger would be struck by the swarms of children, and of an evening, 
at the number of grown-up people sitting on the doorsteps of their 
wretched habitations. John Barry once told me that a friend of his asked 
one of these how they could live in such places? "Because," was the 
reply, "we live so much out of them." The answer showed, at any rate, 
that their lot was borne cheerfully. 
Nevertheless, there are Irishmen too--men who know how to keep what 
they have earned--who, by degrees, get into the higher circles of the 
commercial world, so that I have seen among the merchant princes "on 
'Change" in Liverpool men who, themselves, or whose fathers before 
them, commenced life in the humblest avocations. 
Liverpool has, on the whole, been a "stony-hearted stepmother" to its 
Irish colony, which largely built its granite sea-walls, and for many 
years humbly did the laborious work on which the huge commerce of 
the port rested. But, perhaps, in years to come Liverpool will realise the 
value of the wealth of human brains and human hearts which it held for 
so long unregarded or despised in its midst. 
CHAPTER II. 
DISTINGUISHED IRISHMEN--"THE NATION" 
NEWSPAPER--"THE HIBERNIANS." 
I have met, as I have said elsewhere, most of the Irish political leaders 
of my time in Liverpool, but I will always remember with what 
pleasure I listened to a distinguished Irishman of another type, Samuel 
Lover, when he was travelling with an entertainment consisting of
sketches from his own works and selections from his songs. Few men 
were more versatile than Lover, for he was a painter, musician, 
composer, novelist, poet, and dramatist. When I saw him in one of the 
public halls he sang his own songs, told his own stories, and was his 
own accompanist. 
His was one of a series of performances, very popular in Liverpool for 
many years, called the "Saturday Evening Concerts." He was a little 
man, with what might be called something of a "Frenchified" style 
about him, but having with it all a bright eye and thoroughly Irish face 
which, with all his bodily movements, displayed great animation. I can 
readily believe his biographers, who say he excelled in all the arts he 
cultivated, for his was a most charming entertainment. 
Lover undoubtedly had patriotism of a kind, and some of his songs 
show it. It certainly was not up to the mark of the "Young Irelanders," 
one of whom attacked him on one occasion, when he made the clever 
retort that "the fount from which he drew his patriotism was a more 
genuine source than a fount of Irish type"--alluding to the plentiful use 
of the Gaelic characters in "The Spirit of the Nation," the world-famed 
collection of songs by the Young Ireland contributors to the "Nation" 
newspaper. There are passages in Lover's novel of "Rory O'More" and 
his "He Would be a Gentleman" that show he was a sincere lover of his 
country. I agree in the main with what the "Nation" said of him in 
1843--"Though he often fell into ludicrous exaggerations and 
burlesques in describing Irish life, there is a good national spirit 
running through the majority of his works, for which he has not 
received due credit." 
One of his stories, "Rory O'More," achieved universal popularity also 
as a play, a song and an air. In it there is a passage which, when I first 
read it, I looked upon as an exaggeration, and as somewhat reflecting 
upon the dignity of a great national movement like that of the United 
Irishmen. Lover brings his hero, Rory, into somewhat questionable 
surroundings in a Munster town--intended for Cork or some other 
seaport--to meet a French emissary. One would think that a struggle for 
the freedom of Ireland should be carried on amongst the most lofty
surroundings. But I found in after life that the incidents described by 
Lover were not so exaggerated as might be supposed, for, as "necessity 
has no law," during a later revolutionary struggle we had often to meet 
in strange and unromantic places, as I shall describe later, for most 
important projects. 
Lover's wit was spontaneous, and bubbled over in his ordinary 
conversation with friends. An English lady friend, deeply interested in 
Ireland, once said to him--"I believe I was intended for an 
Irishwoman." Lover gallantly replied--"Cross over to Ireland and they 
will swear you were intended for an Irishman." 
A famous Irishman, whom I saw in Liverpool when I was a boy, was 
the Apostle of Temperance, Father Mathew. 
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