The Invisible Government | Page 9

tax-exemption as an organization to study
international affairs and, presumably, to help the public arrive at a
better understanding of United States foreign policy, not one speaker

for any Council meeting represented traditional U. S. policy. Every one
was a known advocate of leftwing internationalism. A surprising
number of them were known communists or communist sympathizers
or admitted socialists.
Kwame Nkrumah, Prime Minister of Ghana, who is widely believed to
be a communist; who is admittedly socialist; and who aligned his
nation with the Soviets--spoke to the Council on "Free Africa," with W.
Averell Harriman presiding.
Mahmoud Fawzi, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the United Arab
Republic, a socialist whose hatred of the United States is rather well
known, spoke to the Council on "Middle East."
Herbert L. Matthews, a member of the editorial board of The New York
Times (whose articles on Castro as the Robin Hood of Cuba built that
communist hoodlum a worldwide reputation and helped him conquer
Cuba) spoke to the Council twice, once on "A Political Appraisal of
Latin American Affairs," and once on "The Castro Regime."
M. C. Chagla, Ambassador of India to the United States, a socialist,
spoke to the Council on "Indian Foreign Policy."
Anastas I. Mikoyan, First Deputy Premier, USSR, spoke to the Council
on "Issues in Soviet-American Relations," with John J. McCloy (later
Kennedy's Disarmament Administrator) presiding.
Fidel Castro spoke to the Council on "Cuba and the United States."
Here are some other well-known socialists who spoke to the Council on
Foreign Relations during the 1958-59 year:
Dag Hammarskjold, Secretary-General of the United Nations; Per
Jacobsson, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund;
Abba Eban, Ambassador of Israel to the United States; Willy Brandt,
Mayor of West Berlin; Stanley de Zoysa, Minister of Finance of
Ceylon; Mortarji Desai, Minister of Finance of India; Victor Urquidi,
President of Mexican Economic Society; Fritz Erler, Co-Chairman of

the Socialist Group in the German Bundestag; Tom Mboya, Member of
the Kenya Legislative Council; Sir Grantley H. Adams, Prime Minister
of the West Indies Federation; Theodore Kollek, Director-General of
the Office of the Prime Minister of Israel; Dr. Gikomyo W. Kiano,
member of the Kenya Legislative Council.
Officials of communist governments, in addition to those already listed,
who spoke to the Council that year, included Oscar Lange,
Vice-President of the State Council of the Polish People's Republic;
and Marko Nikezic, Ambassador of Yugoslavia to the United States.
* * * * *
Throughout this book, I show the close inter-locking connection
between the Council on Foreign Relations and many other
organizations. The only organizations formally affiliated with the
Council, however, are the Committees on Foreign Relations, which the
Council created, which it controls, and which exist in 30 cities:
Albuquerque, Atlanta, Birmingham, Boise, Boston, Casper,
Charlottesville, Denver, Des Moines, Detroit, Houston, Indianapolis,
Little Rock, Los Angeles, Louisville, Nashville, Omaha, Philadelphia,
Portland (Maine), Portland (Oregon), Providence, St. Louis, St.
Paul-Minneapolis, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, Seattle, Tucson,
Tulsa, Wichita, Worcester.
A booklet entitled Committees on Foreign Relations: Directory of
Members, January, 1961, published by the Council on Foreign
Relations, contains a roster of members of all the Committees on
Foreign Relations, except the one at Casper, Wyoming, which was not
organized until later in 1961. The booklet also gives a brief history of
the Committees:
"In 1938, with the financial assistance of the Carnegie Corporation of
New York, the Council began to organize affiliated discussion groups
in a few American cities....
"Each Committee is composed of forty or more men who are leaders in
the professions and occupations of their area--representatives of

business, the law, universities and schools, the press, and so on. About
once a month, from October through May, members come together for
dinner and an evening of discussion with a guest speaker of special
competence.... Since the beginning in 1938, the Carnegie Corporation
of New York has continued to make annual grants in support of the
Committee program."
The following information about the Committees on Foreign Relations
is from the 1960-61 Annual Report of the Council on Foreign
Relations:
"During the past season the Foreign Relations Committees carried on
their customary programs of private dinner meetings. In all, 206
meetings were held....
"The Council arranged or figured in the arrangement of about
three-quarters of the meetings held, the other sessions being undertaken
upon the initiative of the Committees. Attendance at the discussions
averaged 28 persons, slightly more than in previous years and about the
maximum number for good discussion. There was little change in
membership--the total being just under 1800. It will be recalled that this
membership consists of men who are leaders in the various professions
and occupations....
"On June 2 and 3, the 23rd annual conference of Committee
representatives was held at the Harold Pratt House. Mounting pressures
throughout the year ... made it