The Constitution of Japan [1946-7] | Page 8

(10) years, and in the same manner
thereafter.
(3) In cases mentioned in the foregoing paragraph, when the majority
of the voters favors the dismissal of a judge, he shall be dismissed.
(4) Matters pertaining to review shall be prescribed by law.
(5) The judges of the Supreme Court shall of retired upon the
attainment of the age as fixed by law.
(6) All such judges shall receive, at regular stated intervals, adequate
compensation which shall not be decreased during their terms of office.
Article 80. The judges of the inferior courts shall be appointed by the

Cabinet from a list of persons nominated by the Supreme Court. All
such judges shall hold office for a term of ten (10) years with privilege
of reappointment, provided that they shall be retired upon the
attainment of the age as fixed by law.
(2) The judges of the inferior courts shall receive, at regular stated
intervals, adequate compensation which shall not be decreased during
their terms of office. Article 81. The Supreme Court is the court of last
resort with power to determine the constitutionality of any law, order,
regulation or official act. Article 82. Trials shall be conducted and
judgment declared publicly.
(2) Where a court unanimously determines publicity to be dangerous to
public order or morals, a trial may be conducted privately, but trials of
political offenses, offenses involving the press or cases wherein the
rights of people as guaranteed in
Chapter III
of this Constitution are in question shall always be conducted publicly.

CHAPTER VII.
FINANCE Article 83. The power to administer national finances shall
be exercised as the Diet shall determine. Article 84. No new taxes shall
be imposed or existing ones modified except by law or under such
conditions as law may prescribe. Article 85. No money shall be
expended, nor shall the State obligate itself, except as authorized by the
Diet.
Article 86. Cabinet shall prepare and submit to the Diet for its
consideration and decision a budget for each fiscal year. Article 87. In
order to provide for unforeseen deficiencies in the budget, a reserve
fund may be authorized by the Diet to be expended upon the
responsibility of the Cabinet.
(2) The Cabinet must get subsequent approval of the Diet for all
payments from the reserve fund. Article 88. All property of the
Imperial Household shall belong to the State. All expenses of the
Imperial Household shall be appropriated by the Diet in the budget.
Article 89. No public money or other property shall be expended or
appropriated for the use, benefit or maintenance of any religious

institution or association or for any charitable, educational benevolent
enterprises not under the control of public authority.
Article 90. Final accounts of the expenditures and revenues of State
shall be audited annually by a Board of Audit and submitted by the
Cabinet to the Diet, together with the statement of audit, during the
fiscal year immediately following the period covered.
(2) The organization and competency of the Board of Audit shall
determined by law.
Article 91. At regular intervals and at least annually the Cabinet shall
report to the Diet and the people on the state of national finances.

CHAPTER VIII.
LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT Article 92. Regulations concerning
organization and operations of local public entities shall be fixed by
law in accordance with the principle of local autonomy. Article 93. The
local public entities shall establish assemblies as their deliberative
organs, in accordance with law.
(2) The chief executive officers of all local public entities, the members
of their assemblies, and such other local officials as may be determined
by law shall be elected by direct popular vote within their several
communities Article 94. Local entities shall have the right to manage
their property, affairs and administration and to enact their own
regulations within law. Article 95. A special law, applicable to one
local public entity, cannot be enacted by the Diet without the consent of
the majority of the voters of the local public entity concerned, obtained
in accordance with law.

CHAPTER IX.
AMENDMENTS Article 96. Amendment to this Constitution shall be
initiated by the Diet, through a concurring vote of two-thirds or more of
all the members of each House and shall thereupon be submitted to the
people for ratification which shall require the affirmative vote of a
majority of all votes cast thereon, at special referendum or at such
election as the Diet shall specify.
(2) Amendments when so ratified shall immediately be promulgated by

the Emperor in the name of the people, as an integral part of this
Constitution.

CHAPTER X.
SUPREME LAW Article 97. The fundamental human rights by this
Constitution guaranteed to the people of Japan are fruits of the age-old
struggle of man to be free; they have survived the