The Coming of the Friars | Page 6

was--and apparently without desiring it--ordained a deacon. In
its first beginnings the Franciscan movement was essentially moral, not
theological, still less intellectual. The absence of anything like dogma
in the sermons of the early Minorites was their characteristic. One is
tempted to say it was a mere accident that these men were not sectaries,
so little in common had they with the ecclesiastics of the time, so
entirely did they live and labour among the laity of whom they were
and with whom they so profoundly sympathized.
The secret of the overwhelming, the irresistible attraction which St.
Francis exercised is to be found in his matchless simplicity, in his
sublime self-surrender. He removed mountains because he believed
intensely in the infinite power of mere goodness. While from the
writhing millions all over Europe--the millions ignorant, neglected,
plague-stricken, despairing--an inarticulate wail was going up to God,
St. Francis made it articulate. Then he boldly proclaimed: "God has
heard your cry! It meant this and that. I am sent to you with the good
God's answer." There was less than a step between accepting him as the
interpreter of their vague yearnings and embracing him as the
ambassador of Heaven to themselves.
St, Francis was hardly twenty-eight years old when he set out for Rome,
to lay himself at the feet of the great Pope Innocent the Third, and to

ask from him some formal recognition. The pontiff, so the story goes,
was walking in the garden of the Lateran when the momentous meeting
took place. Startled by the sudden apparition of an emaciated young
man, bareheaded, shoeless, half-clad, but--for all his gentleness--a
beggar who would take no denial, Innocent hesitated. It was but for a
brief hour, the next he was won.
Francis returned to Assisi with the Papal sanction for what was,
probably, a draught of his afterwards famous "Rule." He was met by
the whole city, who received him with a frenzy of excitement. By this
time his enthusiasm had kindled that of eleven other young men, all
now aglow with the same divine fire. A twelfth soon was added--he,
moreover, a layman of gentle blood and of knightly rank. All these had
surrendered their claim to everything in the shape of property, and had
resolved to follow their great leader's example by stripping themselves
of all worldly possessions, and suffering the loss of all things. They
were beggars--literally barefooted beggars. The love of money was the
root of all evil. They would not touch the accursed thing lest they
should be defiled--no, not with the tips of their fingers. "Ye cannot
serve God and Mammon."
Beggars they were, but they were brethren--_Fratres (Frères)_. We in
England have got to call them Friars. Francis was never known in his
lifetime as anything higher than Brother Francis, and his community
he insisted should be called the community of the lesser
brethren--_Fratres Minores_--for none could be or should be less than
they. Abbots and Priors, he would have none of them. "He that will be
chief among you," he said, in Christ's own words, "let him be your
servant." The highest official among the Minorites was the Minister,
the elect of all, the servant of all, and if not humble enough to serve,
not fit to rule.
People talk of "Monks and Friars" as if these were convertible terms.
The truth is that the difference between the Monks and the Friars was
almost one of kind. The Monk was supposed never to leave his cloister.
The Friar in St. Francis' first intention had no cloister to leave. Even
when he had where to lay his head, his life-work was not to save his
own soul, but first and foremost to save the bodies and souls of others.
The Monk had nothing to do with ministering to others. At best his
business was to be the salt of the earth, and it behoved him to be much

more upon his guard that the salt should not lose his savour, than that
the earth should be sweetened. The Friar was an itinerant evangelist,
always on the move. He was a preacher of righteousness. He lifted up
his voice against sin and wrong. "Save yourselves from this untoward
generation!" he cried; "save yourselves from the wrath to come." The
Monk, as has been said, was an aristocrat. The Friar belonged to the
great unwashed!
Without the loss of a day the new apostles of poverty, of pity, of an
all-embracing love, went forth by two and two to build up the ruined
Church of God. Theology they were, from anything that appears,
sublimely ignorant of. Except that they were masters of every phrase
and word in the Gospels, their stock in trade was scarcely more than
that of an average candidate for Anglican orders; but to