The Bread-winners, by John Hay 
 
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Title: The Bread-winners A Social Study 
Author: John Hay 
 
Release Date: July 17, 2005 [eBook #16321] 
Language: English 
Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) 
***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE 
BREAD-WINNERS*** 
E-text prepared by Michael Gray (
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THE BREADWINNERS 
A Social Study 
New York and London Harper & Brothers Publishers
1901 
 
I. 
A MORNING CALL 
 
A French clock on the mantel-piece, framed of brass and crystal, which 
betrayed its inner structure as the transparent sides of some insects 
betray their vital processes, struck ten with the mellow and lingering 
clangor of a distant cathedral bell. A gentleman, who was seated in 
front of the fire reading a newspaper, looked up at the clock to see what 
hour it was, to save himself the trouble of counting the slow, musical 
strokes. The eyes he raised were light gray, with a blue glint of steel in 
them, shaded by lashes as black as jet. The hair was also as black as 
hair can be, and was parted near the middle of his forehead. It was 
inclined to curl, but had not the length required by this inclination. The 
dark brown mustache was the only ornament the razor had spared on 
the wholesome face, the outline of which was clear and keen. The face 
suited the hands--it had the refinement and gentleness of one delicately 
bred, and the vigorous lines and color of one equally at home in field 
and court; and the hands had the firm, hard symmetry which showed 
they had done no work, and the bronze tinge which is the imprint 
wherewith sky and air mark their lovers. His clothes were of the 
fashion seen in the front windows of the Knickerbocker Club in the 
spring of the year 187-, and were worn as easily as a self-respecting 
bird wears his feathers. He seemed, in short, one of those fortunate 
natures, who, however born, are always bred well, and come by 
prescription to most of the good things the world can give. 
He sat in a room marked, like himself, with a kind of serious 
elegance--one of those apartments which seem to fit the person like a 
more perfect dress. All around the walls ran dwarf book-cases of 
carved oak, filled with volumes bound in every soft shade of brown and 
tawny leather, with only enough of red and green to save the shelves 
from monotony. Above these the wall space was covered with
Cordovan leather, stamped with gold fleurs-de-lis to within a yard of 
the top, where a frieze of palm-leaves led up to a ceiling of blue and 
brown and gold. The whole expression of the room was of warmth and 
good manners. The furniture was of oak and stamped leather. The low 
book-cases were covered with bronzes, casts, and figurines, of a quality 
so uniformly good that none seemed to feel the temptation either to 
snub or to cringe to its neighbor. The Owari pots felt no false shame 
beside the royal Satsuma; and Barbedienne's bronzes, the vases of 
Limoges and Lambeth and bowls from Nankin and Corea dwelt 
together in the harmony of a varied perfection. 
It was an octagon room, with windows on each side of the fire-place, in 
which a fire of Ohio coal was leaping and crackling with a cheerful and 
unctuous noisiness. Out of one window yon could see a pretty garden 
of five or six acres behind the house, and out of the other a carefully 
kept lawn, extending some hundred yards from the front door to the 
gates of hammered iron which opened upon a wide-paved avenue. This 
street was the glory of Buff-land, a young and thriving city on Lake 
Erie, which already counted a population of over two hundred thousand 
souls. The people of Clairfield, a rival town, denied that there was 
anything like so many inhabitants, and added that "the less we say 
about 'souls' the better." But this was pure malice; Buffland was a big 
city. Its air was filled with the smoke and odors of vast and successful 
trade, and its sky was reddened by night with the glare of its furnaces, 
rising like the hot breath of some prostrate Titan, conquered and bowed 
down by the pitiless cunning of men. Its people were, as a rule, rich and 
honest, especially in this avenue of which I have spoken. If you have 
ever met a Bufflander, you have heard of Algonquin Avenue. He