Steam, Its Generation and Use

Its Generation and Use, by
Babcock & Wilcox Co.

Project Gutenberg's Steam, Its Generation and Use, by Babcock &
Wilcox Co. This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost
and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it
away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
Title: Steam, Its Generation and Use
Author: Babcock & Wilcox Co.
Release Date: September 18, 2007 [EBook #22657]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STEAM,
ITS GENERATION AND USE ***

Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Tony Browne, and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

STEAM
ITS GENERATION AND USE

[Illustration]
THE BABCOCK & WILCOX CO. NEW YORK

Thirty-fifth Edition
4th Issue
Copyright, 1919, by The Babcock & Wilcox Co.
* * * * *
Bartlett Orr Press
New York

THE BABCOCK & WILCOX CO.
85 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK, U. S. A.
Works
BAYONNE NEW JERSEY BARBERTON OHIO
Officers
W. D. HOXIE, President E. H. WELLS, Chairman of the Board A. G.
PRATT, Vice-President
Branch Offices
ATLANTA Candler Building BOSTON 35 Federal Street CHICAGO
Marquette Building CINCINNATI Traction Building CLEVELAND
New Guardian Building DENVER 435 Seventeenth Street HAVANA,
CUBA 104 Calle de Aguiar HOUSTON Southern Pacific Building
LOS ANGELES I. N. Van Nuy's Building NEW ORLEANS Shubert

Arcade PHILADELPHIA North American Building PITTSBURGH
Farmers' Deposit Bank Building SALT LAKE CITY Kearns Building
SAN FRANCISCO Sheldon Building SEATTLE L. C. Smith Building
TUCSON, ARIZ. Santa Rita Hotel Building SAN JUAN, PORTO
RICO Royal Bank Building
Export Department, New York: Alberto de Verastegni, Director
TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS: FOR NEW YORK, "GLOVEBOXES"
FOR HAVANA, "BABCOCK"
[Illustration: Works of The Babcock & Wilcox Co., at Bayonne, New
Jersey]
[Illustration: Works of The Babcock & Wilcox Co., at Barberton, Ohio]
[Illustration: Works of Babcock & Wilcox, Limited, Renfrew,
SCOTLAND]

BABCOCK & WILCOX Limited
ORIEL HOUSE, FARRINGDON STREET, LONDON, E. C. WORKS:
RENFREW, SCOTLAND
Directors
JOHN DEWRANCE, Chairman CHARLES A. KNIGHT ARTHUR T.
SIMPSON J. H. R. KEMNAL WILLIAM D. HOXIE Managing
Director E. H. WELLS WALTER COLLS, Secretary
Branch Offices in Great Britain
GLASGOW: 29 St. Vincent Place BIRMINGHAM: Winchester House
CARDIFF: 129 Bute Street BELFAST: Ocean Buildings, Donegal
Square, E. MANCHESTER: 30 Cross Street MIDDLESBROUGH:
The Exchange NEWCASTLE: 42 Westgate Road SHEFFIELD: 14
Bank Chambers, Fargate

Offices Abroad
BOMBAY: Wheeler's Building, Hornby Road, Fort BRUSSELS: 187
Rue Royal BILBAO: 1 Plaza de Albia CALCUTTA: Clive Building
JOHANNESBURG: Consolidated Buildings LIMA: Peru LISBON:
84-86 Rua do Commercio MADRID: Ventura de la Vega
MELBOURNE: 9 William Street MEXICO: 22-23 Tiburcio MILAN:
22 Via Principe Umberto MONTREAL: College Street, St. Henry
NAPLES: 107 Via Santa Lucia SHANGHAI: 1a Jinkee Road
SYDNEY: 427-429 Sussex Street TOKYO: Japan TORONTO:
Traders' Bank Building
Representatives and Licensees in
ADELAIDE, South Australia ATHENS, Greece AUCKLAND, New
Zealand BAHIA, Brazil BANGKOK, Siam BARCELONA, Spain
BRUNN, Austria BUCHAREST, Roumania BUDAPEST, Hungary
BUENOS AYRES, Argentine Rep. CAIRO, Egypt CHILE, Valparaiso,
So. America CHRISTIANIA, Norway COLOMBO, Ceylon
COPENHAGEN, Denmark ESKILSTUNA, Sweden GIJON, Spain
HELSINGFORS, Finland HENGELO, Holland KIMBERLEY, South
Africa MOSCOW, Russia PERTH, Western Australia POLAND,
Berlin RANGOON, Burma RIO DE JANEIRO, Brazil SMYRNA, Asia
Minor SOURABAYA, Java ST. PETERSBURG, Russia
TAMMERFORS, Finland THE HAGUE, Holland
TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS FOR ALL OFFICES EXCEPT
BOMBAY AND CALCUTTA: "BABCOCK" FOR BOMBAY AND
CALCUTTA: "BOILER"
[Illustration: Fonderies et Ateliers de la Courneuve, Chaudières
Babcock & Wilcox, Paris, France]

FONDERIES ET ATELIERS DE LA COURNEUVE CHAUDIÈRES
BABCOCK & WILCOX

6 RUE LAFERRIÈRE, PARIS
WORKS: SEINE--LA COURNEUVE
Directors
EDMOND DUPUIS J. H. R. KEMNAL ETIENNE BESSON IRÉNÉE
CHAVANNE CHARLES A. KNIGHT JULES LEMAIRE
Branch Offices
BORDEAUX: 30 Boulevard Antoine Gautier LILLE: 23 Rue
Faidherbe LYON: 28 Quai de la Guillotier MARSEILLE: 21 Cours
Devilliers MONTPELLIER: 1 Rue Boussairolles NANCY: 2 Rue de
Lorraine ST. ETIENNE: 13 Rue de la Bourse
REPRESENTATIVE FOR SWITZERLAND: SPOERRI & CIE,
ZURICH
TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS: "BABCOCK-PARIS"
[Illustration: Wrought-steel Vertical Header Longitudinal Drum
Babcock & Wilcox Boiler, Equipped with Babcock & Wilcox
Superheater and Babcock & Wilcox Chain Grate Stoker]

THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE GENERATION AND USE OF
STEAM
While the time of man's first knowledge and use of the expansive force
of the vapor of water is unknown, records show that such knowledge
existed earlier than 150 B. C. In a treatise of about that time entitled
"Pneumatica", Hero, of Alexander, described not only existing devices
of his predecessors and contemporaries but also an invention of his
own which utilized the expansive force of steam for raising water
above its natural level. He clearly describes three methods in which
steam might be used directly as a motive of power; raising water by its
elasticity, elevating a weight by its expansive power and producing a

rotary motion by its reaction on the atmosphere. The