Siouan Sociology | Page 9

Eagle people; d, {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}e-'in, Carry-a-turtle-on-the-back; Turtle people. 5, {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}anze, Wind people.
Ictasanda gentes--6, Man��i?ka-gaxe, Earth-lodge-makers; coyote and wolf people. 7, {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}e-sinde, Buffalo-tail; a Buffalo-calf people. 8, {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a-*d*a, Deer-head; Deer people. 9, I?g��e-jide, Red dung; a Buffalo-calf gens. 10, Icta-sanda, meaning uncertain ("gray eyes"?), said to refer to the effect of lightning on the eyes. This last gens consists of Thunder and Reptile people.
The I?ke-sabe formerly consisted of four subgentes. When the gens met as a whole, the order of sitting was that shown in figure 35. In the tribal circle the Wa��igije camped next to the Ha?ga gens, and the other I?ke-sabe people came next to the Wejincte; but in the gentile "council fire" the first became last and the last first.
The Ieki��e or Criers.
The Naq��eit'a-baji, Those-who-touch-no-charcoal.
The three subgentes here named sat on the same side of fireplace.
The Ha?ga formerly had four subgeutes, but two of them, the Wa��iitan or Workers, and the Ha-{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}u-it'aji, Touches-no-green(-corn)-husks, are extinct, the few survivors having joined the other subgentes. The remaining subgentes are each called by several names: 1, {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}csanha-{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a��ican, pertaining to the sacred skin of an albino buffalo cow, or Wacabe, Dark buffalo; or Ha?ga-qti, real Ha?ga; or {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}e-��eze-��ataji, Do-not-eat-buffalo-tongues. 2, Janha-{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a��ican, pertaining to the sacred (cottonwood) bark; or Waq��exe-a��in, Keeps-the-"spotted-object" (the sacred pole); or Jan-waqube-a��in, Keeps-the-sacred-or-mysterious-wood (pole); or {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a-waqube-��ataji, Does-not-eat-the-sacred (mysterious)-buffalo-sides; or Minxa-san-��ataji-ki *P*etan-��ataji, Eat-no-geese-or-swans-or-cranes.
[Illustration: FIG. 35.--I?ke-sabe gentile assembly. A, The Wa��igije, Maze or Whorl, or Wagnbe-gaxe-aka, He-who-acts-mysteriously. B, The Watanzi-jide-��ataji, Those-who-eat-no-red-corn.]
FIG. 35.--I?ke-sabe gentile assembly. A, The Wa��igije, Maze or Whorl, or Wagnbe-gaxe-aka, He-who-acts-mysteriously. B, The Watanzi-jide-��ataji, Those-who-eat-no-red-corn.
In the tribal circle the Wacabe camped next to the I?ke-sabe, and the Waqe��xe-acin were next to the Wasabe-hit'aji subgens of the ��atada; but in the Ha?ga gentile assembly the positions were reversed, the Wacabe sitting on the right side of the fire and the Waq��exe-a��in on the left.
The Wasabe-hit'aji subgens of the ��atada was divided into four sections: Black-bear, Raccoon, Grizzly-bear, and Porcupine. The only survivors are the Black-bear and Raccoon (Singers).
The Waji?ga ��ataji subgens was divided into four sections: 1, Hawk people, under the chief Standing Hawk (now dead). 2, Blackbird people, under the chief Wajina-gahiga. B, Starling or Thunder people. 4, Owl and Magpie people.
The {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}anze gens was divided into at least two subgentes, the Keepers of the pipe and the Wind people. Lion, of the Deer-head gens, said that there were four subgentes, but this was denied in 1882 by Two Crows of the Ha?ga gens.
The Man��i?ka-gaxe subgentes, as given by Lion, were: 1, Coyote and Wolf people. 2, In'e-waqube-a��in, Keepers-of-the-mysterious-stones. 3, Niniba-t'an, Keepers-of-the-pipe. 4, Minxa-san-wet'aji. Touch(es)-not-swans. Ca?ge-ska, White Horse, chief of the Man��i?-ka-gaxe (in 1878-1880) named three subgentes, thus: 1, Qube, Mysterious person, a modern name (probably including the Mi{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}asi and In'e-waqube-a��in, and certainly consisting of the descendants of the chief Wa-ji?ga-sabe or Blackbird). 2, Niniba-t'an. 3, Minxa-san-wet'aji.
The {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}a-*d*a were divided into four parts: 1, Niniba-t'an, Keepers-of-the-pipe, under Lion. 2, Naq��e-it'aji, Touches-no-charcoal, under Boy Chief. 3, Thunder-people, under Pawnee Chief. 4, Deer-people, under Sinde-xanxan (Deer's-)tail-shows-red-at-intervals (-as-it-bounds-away).
The Ictasanda gens also was in four parts: 1, Niniba-t'an, Keepers-of-the-pipe. 2, Real Ictasanda people, (Numbers 1 and 2 were consolidated prior to 1880.) 3, Wacetan or Reptile people, sometimes called Keepers-of-the-claws-of-a-wildcat. 4, Real Thunder people, or Those-who-do-not-touch-a-clamshell, or Keepers-of-the-clamshell-and-the-tooth-of-a-black-bear.
The social organization of the Omaha has been treated at length by the author in his paper on Omaha Sociology.(6)

THE PONKA
The Ponka tribal circle was divided equally between the Tcinju and Wajaje half-tribes. To the former belonged two phratries of two gentes each, i.e., numbers 1 to 4, inclusive, and to the latter two similar phratries, including gentes 5 to 8.
[Illustration: FIG. 36.--Ponka camping circle.]
FIG. 36.--Ponka camping circle.
Tcinju half-tribe--Thunder or Fire phratry: Gens 1, Hisada, Legs-stretched-ont-stiff (refers to a dead quadruped); Thunder people. Gens 2, Touch-not-the-skin-of-a-black-bear. Wind-makers or War phratry: Gens 3, ��ixida, Wildcat (in two subgentes: 1, Sinde-ag��e, Wears-tails, i.e., locks of hair; Naq��e-it'aji, Does-not-touch-charcoal; and Wasc{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}u-it'aji, Does-not-tonch-verdigris. 2, Wami-it'aji, Does-not-touch-blood). Gens 4, Nika-*d*a-{~LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O~}na, "Bald human-head;" Elk people (in at least three subgentes: 1, {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}e-sinde-it'aji, Does-not-touch-a-buffalo-tail; 2, {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}e ��eze ��ataji, Does-not-eat-buffalo-tongues; 3, {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}aqti ki Anpan ��ataji, Does-not-eat-deer-and-elk).
Wajaje half-tribe--Earth phratry: Gens 5, Ma{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K~}an, Medicine, a buffalo gens, also called {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}e-sinde it'aji, Does-not-touch-buffalo-tails (in two subgentes: 1, Real Ponka, Keepers-of-a-sacred-pipe; 2, Gray Ponka). Gens 6, Wacabe, Dark buffalo (in two subgentes: 1, Buffalo tail, or,{~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}e-��eze ��ataji, Does-not-eat-buffalo-tongues, or {~LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T~}e-ji?ga ��ataji,