Practical Mechanics for Boys

Practical Mechanics for Boys, by
J. S. Zerbe

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Title: Practical Mechanics for Boys
Author: J. S. Zerbe
Release Date: August 11, 2007 [EBook #22298]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
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PRACTICAL MECHANICS FOR BOYS ***

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THE "HOW-TO-DO-IT" BOOKS
PRACTICAL MECHANICS FOR BOYS

THE "HOW-TO-DO-IT" BOOKS
PRACTICAL MECHANICS FOR BOYS
In language which every boy can understand and so arranged that he
may readily carry out any work from the instructions given.
WITH MANY ORIGINAL ILLUSTRATIONS
By J. S. ZERBE, M.E.
Author of
CARPENTRY FOR BOYS ELECTRICITY FOR BOYS
M. A. DONOHUE & COMPANY
CHICAGO :: NEW YORK
COPYRIGHT, 1914, BY THE NEW YORK BOOK COMPANY
Made in U. S. A.

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTORY Page 1
I. ON TOOLS GENERALLY Page 7
Varied Requirements. List of Tools. Swivel Vises. Parts of Lathe.
Chisels. Grinding Apparatus. Large Machines. Chucks. Bench Tools.
Selecting a Lathe. Combination Square. Micrometers. Protractors.
Utilizing Bevel Protractors. Truing Grindstones. Sets of Tools. The
Work Bench. The Proper Dimensions. How Arranged.
II. HOW TO GRIND AND SHARPEN TOOLS Page 26

Importance of the Cutting Tool. The Grinder. Correct Use of Grinder.
Lathe Bitts. Roughing Tools. The Clearance. The Cutting Angle. Drills.
Wrong Grinding. Chisels. Cold Chisels. System in Work. Wrong Use
of Tools.
III. SETTING AND HOLDING TOOLS Page 34
Lathe Speed. The Hack-saw. Hack-saw Frame. The Blade. Files.
Grindstones. Emery and Grinding Wheels. Carelessness in Holding
Tools. Calipers. Care in Use of Calipers. Machine Bitts. The Proper
Angle for Lathe Tools. Setting the Bitt. The Setting Angle. Bad
Practice. Proper Lathe Speeds. Boring Tools on Lathe. The Rake of the
Drill. Laps. Using the Lap. Surface Gages. Uses of the Surface Gage.
IV. ON THE FIRST USE OF THE FILE Page 48
The First Test. Filing an Irregular Block. Filing a Bar Straight. Filing
Bar with Parallel Sides. Surfacing Off Disks. True Surfacing. Precision
Tools. Test of the Mechanic. Test Suggestions. Use of the Dividers.
Cutting a Key-way. Key-way Difficulties. Filing Metal Round. Kinds
of Files. Cotter-file. Square. Pinion. Half-round. Round. Triangular.
Equalizing. Cross. Slitting. Character of File Tooth. Double Cut.
Float-cut. Rasp Cut. Holding the File. Injuring Files. Drawing Back the
File.
V. HOW TO COMMENCE WORK Page 61
Familiarity with Tools. File Practice. Using the Dividers. Finding
Centers. Hack-saw Practice. Cutting Metal True. Lathe Work. First
Steps. Setting the Tool. Metals Used. The Four Important Things.
Turning Up a Cylinder. Turning Grooves. Disks. Lathe Speeds.
VI. ILLUSTRATING SOME OF THE FUNDAMENTAL DEVICES
Page 68
Belt Lacing. Gears. Crown Wheel. Grooved Friction Gearing. A Valve
which Closes by the Water Pressure. Cone Pulleys. Universal Joint.
Trammel for Making Ellipses. Escapements. Simple Device to Prevent

a Wheel or Shaft from Turning Back. Racks and Pinions. Mutilated
Gears. Simple Shaft Coupling. Clutches. Ball and Socket Joints.
Tripping Devices. Anchor Bolt. Lazy Tongs. Disk Shears. Wabble Saw.
Crank Motion by a Slotted Yoke. Continuous Feed by Motion of a
Lever. Crank Motion. Ratchet Head. Bench Clamp. Helico-volute
Spring. Double helico-volute. Helical Spring. Single Volute Helix
Spring. Flat Spiral, or Convolute. Eccentric Rod and Strap. Anti-dead
Center for Lathe.
VII. PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS Page 79
Elasticity. Traction. Torsion. Flexure. Tenacity. The Most Tenacious
Metal. Ductility. Malleability. Hardness. Alloys. Resistance.
Persistence. Conductivity. Equalization. Reciprocity. Molecular Forces.
Attraction. Cohesion. Adhesion. Affinity. Porosity. Compressibility.
Elasticity. Inertia. Momentum. Weight. Centripetal Force. Centrifugal
Force. Capillary Attraction. The Sap of Trees. Sound. Acoustics. Sound
Mediums. Vibration. Velocity of Sound. Sound Reflections. Resonance.
Echos. Speaking Trumpet. The Stethoscope. The Vitascope. The
Phonautograph. The Phonograph. Light. The Corpuscular Theory.
Undulatory Theory. Luminous Bodies. Velocity of Light. Reflection.
Refraction. Colors. The Spectroscope. The Rainbow. Heat. Expansion.
VIII. HOW DRAUGHTING BECOMES A VALUABLE AID Page 95
Lines in Drawing. Shading. Direction of Shade. Perspectives. The Most
Pronounced Lines. Direction of Light. Scale Drawings. Degree, and
What it Means. Memorizing Angles. Section Lining. Making Ellipses
and Irregular Curves. Focal Points. Isometric and Perspective. The
Protractor. Suggestions in Drawing. Holding the Pen. Inks. Tracing
Cloth. Detail Paper. How to Proceed. Indicating Material by Section
Lines.
IX. TREATMENT AND USE OF METALS Page 112
Annealing. Toughness and Elasticity. The Process. Tempering.
Tempering Contrasted with Annealing. Materials Used. Gradual
Tempering. Fluxing. Uniting Metals. Alloying Method. Welding.

Sweating. Welding Compounds. Oxidation. Soldering. Soft Solder.
Hard Solder. Spelter. Soldering Acid. The Soldering Iron.
X. ON GEARING, AND HOW ORDERED Page 121
Spur and Pinion. Measuring a Gear. Pitch. Diametral Pitch. Circular
Pitch.