¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G-Y¦¹ªÌ¡A«h¥H¶³±è-¸¼Ó¡A»·±æ¥ª¥k¡AÂÔ¹î«e«á¡C¨£¤õ°_¡A
§YêO§^ 
«e¦Ó¼s©µ¤§¡F¤SêO§^«á¡C¼Ä¤H-e¦Ü¡A§Y¤Þ-x¦Ó«o¡A«ö¶Â¦a¦Ó°í³B¡
A¼Ä¤H¤§ ¨Ó¡CµS¦b§^«á¡A¨£¤õ°_¡A¥²»·¨«¡C§^«ö¶Â¦a¦Ó³B¡A±j©¸§÷
¤h¡A½Ã§^¥ª¥k¡A ¤SêO§^«e«á¡C-Y¦¹¡A«h¼Ä¤H¤£¯à®`§Ú¡C 
ªZ¤ý¤ê¡G¼Ä¤HêO§^¥ª¥k¡A¤SêO«e«á¡A‚hÂЧ^-x¡A¨ä¤j§L«ö¶Â¦a¦Ó°
_¡C¬°¤§ ©`¦ó¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G-Y¦¹ªÌ¡A¬°¥|ªZ½Ä°}¡A±j©¸Ál§^¥ª¥k¡A¨äªkµL³Ó¥çµL-t¡C 
ÂSµê²Ä¥|¤Q¤G ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¦ó¥Hª¾¼ÄÂS¤§µê¹ê¡A¦Û¨Ó¦Û¥h¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G±N¥²¤Wª¾¤Ñ¹D¡A¤Uª¾¦a§Q¡A¤¤ª¾¤H¨Æ¡Cµn°ª¤U±æ¡A¥
HÆ[¼Ä¤§ÅÜ°Ê ¡C±æ¨äÂS¡A«hª¾¨äµê¹ê¡C±æ¨ä¤h¨ò¡A«hª¾¨ä¨Ó¥h¡C 
ªZ¤ý¤ê¡G¦ó¥Hª¾¤§¡H¤Ó¤½¤ê¡GÅ¥¨ä¹ªµL-µ¡AÅMµLÁn¡F±æ¨äÂS¤W
¦h-¸³¾¦Ó¤£ 
Åå¡C¤WµLª^®ð¡A¥²ª¾¼Ä¶B¦Ó¬°°¸¤H¤]¡C¼Ä¤HÖ`¥h¤£»·¡A¥¼©w¦
Ó´_¤ÏªÌ¡A©¼ 
¥Î¨ä¤h¨ò¤Ó¯e¤]¡C¤Ó¯e«h«e«á¤£¬Û¦¸¡C¤£¬Û¦¸¡A«h¦æ°}¥²¶Ã¡C¦p¦¹ªÌ¡A
«æ ¥X§LÀ»¤§¡C¥H¤ÖÀ»²³¡A«h¥²±Ñ¨o¡C 
²Ä¤-½g¡@°\Ãü 
ªL¾Ô²Ä¥|¤Q¤T
ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¤Þ§L²`¤J½Ñ«J¤§¦a¡A¹J¤jªL¡A»P¼Ä¤H¤ÀªL¬Û©Ú¡
C§^±ý¥H¦u «h©T¡A¥H¾Ô«h³Ó¡C¬°¤§©`¦ó¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¨Ï§^¤T-x¡A¤À¬°½Ä°}¡C«K§L©Ò³B¡A¤}©¸¬°ªí¡A´uÝ㬰ù
Ø¡C±Ù°£¯ó 
¤ì¡A·¥¼s§^¹D¡A¥H«K¾Ô©Ò¡C°ª¸m±ÜÑÒ¡AÂÔ±Õ¤T-x¡AµL¨Ï¼Ä¤
Hª¾§^¤§±¡¡A¬O ¿×ªL¾Ô¡C 
ªL¾Ô¤§ªk¡A²v§^¥Ù´u¡A¬Û»P¬°¥î¡CªL¶¡¤ì²¨¡A¥HÃM¬°»²¡A¾Ô¨®©
~«e¡A¨£«K 
«h¾Ô¡A¤£¨£«K«h¤î¡CªL¦hÀIªý¡A¥²¸m½Ä°}¡A¥H³Æ«e«á¡C¤T-x¯e¾
Ô¡A¼Ä¤HÁö 
²³¡A¨ä±N¥i¨«¡C§ó¾Ô§ó®§¡A¦U«ö¨ä³¡¡A¬O¬°ªL¾Ô¤§¬ö¡C 
¬ð¾Ô²Ä¥|¤Q¥| 
ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¼Ä¤H²`¤JªøÅX¡A«I±°§Ú¦a¡AÅX§Ú¤û°¨¡F¨ä¤T-x¤j¦
Ü¡AÁ¡§Ú 
«°¤U¡C§^¤h¨ò¤j®£¡F¤H¥Á«Y²Ö¡A¬°¼Ä©Ò¸¸¡C§^±ý¥H¦u«h©T¡A¥H
¾Ô«h³Ó¡C¬° ¤§©`¦ó¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¦p¦¹ªÌ¿×¤§¬ð§L¡A¨ä¤û°¨¥²¤£±o-¹¡A¤h¨òµ´Â³¡A¼ÉÀ»¦Ó«e¡
C¥O§Ú 
»·¨¶§O-x¡A¿ï¨ä¾U¤h¡A¯eÀ»¨ä«á¡C¼f¨ä´Á¤é¡A¥²·|©ó±â¡C¤T-x¯e¾Ô¡
A¼Ä¤H Áö²³¡A¨ä±N¥i¸¸¡C 
ªZ¤ý¤ê¡G¼Ä¤H¤À¬°¤T¥|¡A©Î¾Ô¦Ó«I±°§Ú¦a¡A©Î¤î¦Ó¦¬§Ú¤û°¨¡C¨ä¤
j-x¥¼ºÉ ¦Ü¡A¦Ó¨Ï±FÁ¡§Ú«°¤U¡A-P§^¤T-x®£Äß¡A¬°¤§©`¦ó¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡GÂÔ-ԼĤH¡A¥¼ºÉ¦Ü«h³]³Æ¦Ó«Ý¤§¡C¥h«°¥|¨½¦Ó¬°ÂS¡A
ª÷¹ª±ÜÑÒ¡A 
¬Ò¦C¦Ó±i¡C§O¶¤¬°¥ñ§L¡C¥O§ÚÂS¤W¡A¦hºë±j©¸¡C¦Ê¨B¤@¬ðªù¡Aªù
¦³¦æ°¨¡C ¨®ÃM©~¥~¡A«i¤O¾U¤h¡AÁô¦Ó³B¡C¼Ä¤H-Y¦Ü¡A¨Ï§Ú»´¨ò¦
X¾Ô¦Ó¨Ë¨«¡F¥O§Ú«° 
¤W¥ß±ÜÑÒ¡AÀ»Åg¹ª¡A§¹¬°¦u³Æ¡C¼Ä¤H¥H§Ú¬°¦u«°¡A¥²Á¡§Ú«°¤
U¡Cµo§^¥ñ§L 
¥H¥R¨ä¤º¡A©ÎÀ»¨ä¥~¡C¤T-x¯e¾Ô¡A©ÎÀ»¨ä«e¡A©ÎÀ»¨ä«á¡C«iªÌ¤£±
o°«¡A»´ 
ªÌ¤£¤Î¨«¡A¦W¤ê¬ð¾Ô¡C¼Ä¤HÁö²³¡A¨ä±N¥²¨«¡CªZ¤ý¤ê¡Gµ½«v¡C 
 
¼Ä±j²Ä¥|¤Q¤- 
ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¤Þ§L²`¤J½Ñ«J¤§¦a¡A»P¼Ä¤H½Ä-x¬Û·í¡C¼Ä²³§Ú¹
è¡A¼Ä±j§Ú 
®z¡C¼Ä¤H©]¨Ó¡A©Î§ð§^¥ª¡A©Î§ð§^¥k¡A¤T-x¾_°Ê¡C§^±ý¥H¾Ô«
h³Ó¡A¥H¦u«h ©T¡A¬°¤§©`¦ó¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¦p¦¹ªÌ¿×¤§¾_±F¡C§Q¥H¥X¾Ô¡A¤£¥i¥H¦u¡C¿ï§^§÷¤h±j©¸¨
®ÃM¬°¥ª 
¥k¡A¯eÀ»¨ä«e¡A«æ§ð¨ä«á¡F©ÎÀ»¨äªí¡A©ÎÀ»¨äùØ¡C¨ä¨ò¥²¶Ã¡A¨ä±N
¥²Àb¡C 
ªZ¤ý¤ê¡G¼Ä¤H»·¾B§Ú«e¡A«æ§ð§Ú«á¡AÂ_§Ú¾U§L¡Aµ´§Ú§÷¤h¡C
§^¤º¥~¤£±o¬Û 
»D¡A¤T-xÂZ¶Ã¡A¬Ò±Ñ¦Ó¨«¡C¤h¨òµL°«§Ó¡A±N¦OµL¦u¤ß¡A¬°¤§©`¦
ó¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G©ú«v¤ý¤§°Ý¤]¡C·í©ú¸¹¼f¥O¡A¥X§Ú«i¾U«_±N¤§¤h¡A¤H
¾Þ¬²¤õ¡A¤G 
¤H¦P¹ª¡C¥²ª¾¼Ä¤H©Ò¦b¡A©ÎÀ»¨äªíùØ¡C·L¸¹¬Ûª¾¡A¥O¤§·À¤õ¡A¹ª-µ
¬Ò¤î¡C 
¤¤¥~¬ÛÀ³¡A´Á¬ù¬Ò·í¡C¤T-x¯e¾Ô¡A¼Ä¥²±Ñ¤`¡CªZ¤ý¤ê¡Gµ½«v¡I 
 
¼ÄªZ²Ä¥|¤Q¤» 
ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¤Þ§L²`¤J½Ñ«J¤§¦a¡AÖ`¹J¼Ä¤H¡A¬Æ²³¥BªZ¡CªZ¨
®Å»ÃM¡A¶ §Ú¥ª¥k¡C§^¤T-x¬Ò¾_¡A¨«¤£¥i¤î¡C¬°¤§©`¦ó¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¦p¦¹ªÌ¿×¤§±Ñ§L¡Cµ½ªÌ¥H³Ó¡A¤£µ½ªÌ¥H¤`¡C 
ªZ¤ý¤ê¡G¬°¤§©`¦ó¡H¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¥ñ§Ú§÷¤h±j©¸¡AªZ¨®Å»ÃM¡A¬°¤§¥
ª¥k¡A±`¥h 
«e«á¤T¨½¡C¼Ä¤H³v§Ú¡Aµo§Ú¨®ÃM¡A½Ä¨ä¥ª¥k¡C¦p¦¹¡A«h¼Ä¤HÂ
Z¶Ã¡A§^¨«ªÌ ¦Û¤î¡C 
ªZ¤ý¤ê¡G¼Ä¤H»P§Ú¨®ÃM¬Û·í¡A¼Ä²³§Ú¹è¡A¼Ä±j§Ú®z¡C¨ä¨Ó¾ãª
vºë¾U¡A§^°} ¤£´±·í¡C¬°¤§©`¦ó¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¿ï§Ú§÷¤h±j©¸¡A¥ñ©ó¥ª¥k¡A¨®ÃM°í°}¦Ó³B¡C¼Ä¤H¹L§Ú
¥ñ§L¡A¿n©¸ 
®g¨ä¥ª¥k¡F¨®ÃM¾U§L¡A¯eÀ»¨ä-x¡A©ÎÀ»¨ä«e¡A©ÎÀ»¨ä«á¡C¼Ä¤H
Áö²³¡A¨ä±N ¥²¨«¡CªZ¤ý¤ê¡Gµ½«v¡I 
 
¯Q¶³¤s§L²Ä¥|¤Q¤C 
ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¤Þ§L²`¤J½Ñ«J¤§¦a¡A¹J°ª¤s½L¥Û¡A¨ä¤W«F«F¡AµL
¦³¯ó¤ì¡A 
¥|-±¨ü¼Ä¡C§^¤T-x®£Äß¡A¤h¨ò°g´b¡C§^±ý¥H¦u«h©T¡A¥H¾Ô«h³Ó¡
C¬°¤§©`¦ó ¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¤Z¤T-x³B¤s¤§°ª¡A«h¬°¼Ä©Ò´Ï¡A³B¤s¤§¤U¡A«h¬°¼Ä©
Ò¥}¡C¬J¥H³Q 
¤s¦Ó³B¡A¥²¬°¯Q¶³¤§°}¡C¯Q¶³¤§°}¡A³±¶§¬Ò³Æ¡C©Î¤Ù¨ä³±¡A©Î¤Ù¨ä
¶§¡C³B 
¤s¤§¶§¡A³Æ¤s¤§³±¡C³B¤s¤§³±¡A³Æ¤s¤§¶§¡C³B¤s¤§¥ª¡A³Æ¤s¤§¥k¡C³
B¤s¤§ 
¥k¡A³Æ¤s¤§¥ª¡C¼Ä©Ò¯à³®ªÌ¡A§L³Æ¨äªí¡CÅü¹D³q¨¦¡Aµ´¥HªZ¨®¡C°ª
¸m±ÜÑÒ ¡FÂÔd¤T-x¡AµL¨Ï¼Ä¤Hª¾§^¤§±¡¡A¬O¿×¤s«°¡C 
¦æ¦C¤w©w¡A¤h¨ò¤w°}¡Aªk¥O¤w¦æ¡A©_¥¿¤w³]¡A¦U¸m½Ä°}©ó¤s¤§ª
í¡A«K§L©Ò 
³B¡C¤D¤À¨®ÃM¬°¯Q¶³¤§°}¡C¤T-x¯e¾Ô¡A¼Ä¤HÁö²³¡A¨ä±N¥i¾à¡
C 
 
¯Q¶³¿A§L²Ä¥|¤Q¤K 
ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¤Þ§L²`¤J½Ñ«J¤§¦a¡A»P¼Ä¤HÁ{¤ô¬Û©Ú¡C¼Ä´I¦
Ó²³¡F§Ú³h¦Ó 
¹è¡CëÆ¤ôÀ»¤§¡A«h¤£¯à«e¡C±ý¤[¨ä¤é¡A«h³-¹¤Ö¡C§^©~¥¸³¿¤§¦a¡A
¥|®ÇµL ¨¶¡A¤SµL¯ó¤ì¡C¤T-xµL©Ò±°¨ú¡A¤û°¨µL©Ò¯ìªª¡C¬°¤§©`¦ó¡
H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¤T-xµL³Æ¡A¤h¨òµL³¡A¤û°¨µL-¹¡C¦p¦¹ªÌ¡A¯Á«K¶B¼Ä¦Ó
«E¥h¤§¡A ³]¥ñ§L©ó«á¡C 
ªZ¤ý¤ê¡G¼Ä¤£¥i±o¦Ó¶B¡C§^¤h¨ò°g´b¡C¼Ä¤H¶V§Ú«e«á¡A§^¤T-x±
ѦӨ«¡C¬° 
¤§©`¦ó¡H¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¨D³~¤§¹D¡Aª÷¥É¬°¥D¡A¥²¦]¼Ä¨Ï¡Aºë·L¬°Ä_¡C 
ªZ¤ý¤ê¡G¼Ä¤Hª¾§Ú¥ñ§L¡A¤j-x¤£ªÖÀÙ¡A§O±N¤À¶¤¡A¥HëÆ©ó¤ô
¡C§^¤T-x¤j®£ ¡C¬°¤§©`¦ó¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¦p¦¹ªÌ¡A¤À¬°½Ä°}¡A«K§L©Ò³B¡C¶·¨ä²¦¥X¡Aµo§Ú¥ñ§L¡A
¯eÀ»¨ä«á 
¡C±j©¸¨â®Ç¡A®g¨ä¥ª¥k¡C¨®ÃM¤À¬°¯Q¶³¤§°}¡A³Æ¨ä«e«á¡C¤T-x¯e
¾Ô¡C¼Ä¤H ¨£§Ú¾Ô¦X¡A¨ä¤j-x¥²ÀÙ¤ô¦Ó¨Ó¡Cµo§Ú¥ñ§L¡A¯eÀ»¨ä«
á¡F¨®ÃM½Ä¨ä¥ª¥k¡C¼Ä ¤HÁö²³¡A¨ä±N¥i¨«¡C 
¤Z¥Î§L¤§¤j-n¡A·í¼ÄÁ{¾Ô¡A¥²¸m½Ä°}¡A«K§L©Ò³B¡CµM«á¥H¨®
ÃM¤À¬°¯Q¶³¤§ 
°}¡A¦¹¥Î§L¤§©_¤]¡C©Ò¿×¯Q¶³ªÌ¡A¯Q´²¦Ó¶³¦X¡AÅܤƵL½aªÌ¤]¡CªZ
¤ý¤ê¡G µ½«v¡I 
¤Ö²³²Ä¥|¤Q¤E 
ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G§^±ý¥H¤ÖÀ»²³¡A¥H®zÀ»±j¡A¬°¤§©`¦ó¡H¤Ó¤½¤ê
¡G¥H¤ÖÀ»²³
ªÌ¡A¥²¥H¤é¤§¼Ç¡A¥ñ¥H²`¯ó¡A-n¤§¹i¸ô¡C¥H®zÀ»±jªÌ¡A¥²±o¤j°ê¤§»
P¡A¾F °ê¤§§U¡C 
ªZ¤ý¤ê¡G§ÚµL²`¯ó¡A¤SµL¹i¸ô¡A¼Ä¤H¤w¦Ü¡A¤£¾A¤é¼Ç¡F§ÚµL¤j
°ê¤§»P¡A¤S µL¾F°ê¤§§U¡C¬°¤§©`¦ó¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¦k±i¶B»¤¡A¥Hº·´b¨ä±N¡A¨±¨ä³~¡A¥O¹L²`¯ó¡F»·¨ä¸ô¡A¥O·|¤
é¼Ç 
¡C«e¦æ¥¼´ç¤ô¡A«á¦æ¥¼¤ÎªÙ¡Aµo§Ú¥ñ§L¡A¯eÀ»¨ä¥ª¥k¡A¨®ÃMÂZ¶
èä«e«á¡C ¼Ä¤HÁö²³¡A¨ä±N¥i¨«¡C 
¨Æ¤j°ê¤§§g¡A¤U¾F°ê¤§¤h¡A«p¨ä¹ô¡A¨õ¨äÃã¡C¦p¦¹¡A«h±o¤j°ê¤§»P¡A
¾F°ê ¤§§U¨o¡CªZ¤ý¤ê¡Gµ½«v¡I 
¤ÀÀI²Ä¤-¤Q 
ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¤Þ§L²`¤J½Ñ«J¤§¦a¡A»P¼Ä¤H¬Û¹J©óÀIË®¤§¤¤¡C
§^¥ª¤s¦Ó¥k 
¤ô¡F¼Ä¥k¤s¦Ó¥ª¤ô¡A»P§Ú¤ÀÀI¬Û©Ú¡C§^±ý¥H¦u«h©T¡A¥H¾Ô«h³
Ó¡A¬°¤§©`¦ó ¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G³B¤s¤§¥ª¡A«æ³Æ¤s¤§¥k¡F³B¤s¤§¥k¡A«æ³Æ¤s¤§¥ª¡CÀI¦³¤j
¤ô¡AµL 
¦à·ªªÌ¡A¥H¤ÑæCÀÙ§^¤T-x¡C¤wÀ٪̡A«E¼s§^¹D¡A¥H«K¾Ô©Ò¡C¥
HªZ½Ä¬°«e«á 
¡A¦C¨ä±j©¸¡A¥O¦æ°}¬Ò©T¡CÅü¹D¨¦¤f¡A¥HªZ½Äµ´¤§¡C°ª¸m±ÜÑÒ¡
A¬O¬°-x«° ¡C 
¤ZÀI¾Ô¤§ªk¡A¥HªZ½Ä¬°«e¡A¤jÃr¬°½Ã¡F§÷¤h±j©¸¡AÁl§^¥ª¥k¡C¤
T¤d¤H¬°¤@ 
¤Ù¡A¥²¸m½Ä°}¡A«K§L©Ò³B¡C¥ª-x¥H¥ª¡A¥k-x¥H¥k¡A¤¤-x¥H¤¤¡A¨
çð¦Ó«e¡C 
¤w¾ÔªÌ¡AÁÙÂk¤Ù©Ò¡A§ó¾Ô§ó®§¡A¥²³Ó¤D¤w¡CªZ¤ý¤ê¡Gµ½«v¡I 
²Ä¤»½g¡@¤üÃü 
¤À¦X²Ä¤-¤Q¤@ 
ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¤ýªÌ«Ó®v¡A¤T-x¤À¬°¼Æ³B¡A±N±ý´Á·|¦X¾Ô¡A¬ù
»}½à»@¡A¬° ¤§©`¦ó¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¤Z¥Î§L¤§ªk¡A¤T-x¤§²³¡A¥²¦³¤À¦X¤§ÅÜ¡C¨ä¤j±N¥ý©w¾Ô
¦a¾Ô¤é¡A 
µM«á²¾ÀʮѻP½Ñ±N¦O´Á¡A§ð«°³ò¨¶¡A¦U·|¨ä©Ò¡F©ú§i¾Ô¤é¡Aº|¨
観®É¡C¤j 
±N³]Àç¦Ó°}¡A¥ßªíÁÕªù¡A²M¹D¦Ó«Ý¡C½Ñ±N¦O¦ÜªÌ¡A®Õ¨ä¥ý«á¡F¥ý´
Á¦ÜªÌ½à ¡A«á´Á¦ÜªÌ±Ù¡C¦p¦¹¡A«h»·ªñ©b¶°¡A¤T-x-ѦܡA¦}¤O¦X¾Ô¡C 
ªZ¾W²Ä¤-¤Q¤G
ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¤Z¥Î§L¤§-n¡A¥²¦³ªZ¨®Å»ÃM¡A¹£°}¿ï¾W¡A¨£¥i«h
À»¤§¡C¦p ¦ó¦Ó¥iÀ»¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¤Ò±ýÀ»ªÌ¡A·í¼f¹î¼Ä¤H¤Q¥|ÅÜ¡CÅܨ£«hÀ»¤§¡A¼Ä¤H¥
²±Ñ¡CªZ¤ý¤ê ¡G¤Q¥|ÅÜ¥i±o»D¥G¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¼Ä¤H·s¶°¥iÀ»¡C¤H°¨¥¼-¹¥iÀ»¡C¤Ñ®É¤£¶¶¥iÀ»¡C¦a§Î¥¼
±o¥iÀ»¡C 
©b¨«¥iÀ»¡C¤£§Ù¥iÀ»¡C¯h³Ò¥iÀ»¡C±NÂ÷¤h¨ò¥iÀ»¡C¯Aªø¸ô¥iÀ»¡C
ÀÙ¤ô¥iÀ» ¡C¤£·v¥iÀ»¡CªýÃø¯U¸ô¥iÀ»¡C¶Ã¦æ¥iÀ»¡C¤ß©Æ¥iÀ»¡C 
½m¤h²Ä¤-¤Q¤T 
ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G½m¤h¤§¹D©`¦ó¡H¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G-x¤¤¦³¤j«i¤O¡A´±¦º¼Ö
¶ËªÌ¡A»E ¬°¤@¨ò¡A¦W¬°«_¤b¤§¤h¡C 
¦³¾U®ð§§«i±j¼ÉªÌ¡A»E¬°¤@¨ò¡A¦W¤ê³´°}¤§¤h¡C 
¦³©_ªíªø¼C¡A±µªZ»ô¦CªÌ¡A»E¬°¤@¨ò¡A¦W¤ê«i¾U¤§¤h¡C 
¦³©Ü¶Z¦ù¹_¡A±j±ç¦h¤O¡A¼ì¯}ª÷¹ª¡Aµ´·À±ÜÑҪ̡A»E¬°¤@¨ò¡A¦W¤ê
«i¤O¤§ ¤h¡C 
¦³ëưªµ´»·¡A»´¨¬µ½¨«ªÌ¡A»E¬°¤@¨ò¡A¦W¤ê±F§L¤§¤h¡C 
¦³¤ý¦Ú¥¢¶Õ¡A±ý´_¨£¥\ªÌ¡A»E¬°¤@¨ò¡A¦W¤ê¦º°«¤§¤h¡C 
¦³¦º±N¤§¤H¡A¤l§Ì±ý¬°¨ä±N³ø¤³ªÌ¡A»E¬°¤@¨ò¡A¦W¤ê¦º¼«¤§¤h¡C 
¦³³h½a©Á«ã¡A±ý§Ö¨ä§ÓªÌ¡A»E¬°¤@¨ò¡A¦W¤ê¥²¦º¤§¤h¡C 
¦³ÂØ´B¤H¸¸¡A±ý±»ƒÇ´¦¦WªÌ¡A»E¬°¤@¨ò¡A¦W¤êÀy¶w¤§¤h¡C 
¦³-EÃû§K¸o¤§¤H¡A±ý°k¨ä®¢ªÌ¡A»E¬°¤@¨ò¡A¦W¤ê©¯¥Î¤§¤h¡C 
¦³§÷§Þ-ݤH¡A¯à-t-«-P»·ªÌ¡A»E¬°¤@¨ò¡A¦W¤ê«Ý©R¤§¤h¡C 
¦¹-x¤§½m¤h¡A¤£¥i¤£¹î¤]¡C 
±Ð¾Ô²Ä¤-¤Q¥| 
ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¦X¤T-x¤§²³¡C±ý¥O¤h¨òªA²ß±Ð¾Ô¤§¹D¡A©`¦ó¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¤Z»â¤T-x¡A¥²¦³ª÷¹ª¤§¸`¡A©Ò¥H¾ã»ô¤h²³ªÌ¤]¡A±N¥²©ú§i¦
O¤h¡A 
¥Ó¤§¥H¤T¥O¡A¥H±Ð¾Þ§L°_©~¡A±ÜÑÒ«ü¾£¤§Åܪk¡C¬G±Ð¦O¤h
¡G¨Ï¤@¤H¾Ç¾Ô¡F 
±Ð¦¨¡A¦X¤§¤Q¤H¡C¤Q¤H¾Ç¾Ô¡F±Ð¦¨¡A¦X¤§¦Ê¤H¡C¦Ê¤H¾Ç¾Ô¡F±
Ц¨¡A¦X¤§¤d 
¤H¡C¤d¤H¾Ç¾Ô¡F±Ð¦¨¡A¦X¤§¸U¤H¡C¸U¤H¾Ç¾Ô¡F±Ð¦¨¡A¦X¤§¤T-
x¤§²³¡C¤j¾Ô 
¤§ªk¡A±Ð¦¨¡A¦X¤§¦Ê¸U¤§²³¡C¬G¯à¦¨¨ä¤j§L¡A¥ß«Â©ó¤Ñ¤U¡CªZ¤ý¤ê¡
Gµ½«v ¡C 
§¡§L²Ä¤-¤Q¤- 
ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¥H¨®»P¨B¨ò¾Ô¡A¤@¨®·í´X¨B¨ò¡A´X¨B¨ò·í¤@¨®¡
H¥HÃM»P¨B ¨ò¾Ô¡A¤@ÃM·í´X¨B¨ò¡A´X¨B¨ò·í¤@ÃM¡H¥H¨®»PÃ
M¾Ô¡A¤@¨®·í´XÃM¡A´XÃM·í ¤@¨®¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¨®ªÌ¡A-x¤§¦ÐÁl¤]¡A©Ò¥H³´°í°}¡A-n±j¼Ä¡A¾B¨«¥_¤]¡C
ÃMªÌ¡A-x ¤§¦ø-Ô¤]¡A©Ò¥H¿æ±Ñ-x¡Aµ´Â³¹D¡AÀ»«K±F¤]¡C 
¬G¨®ÃM¤£¼Ä¾Ô¡A«h¤@ÃM¤£¯à·í¨B¨ò¤@¤H¡A¤T-x¤§²³¦¨°}¦Ó¬Û·í
¡G«h©ö¾Ô¤§ 
ªk¡A¤@¨®·í¨B¨ò¤K¤Q¤H¡A¤K¤Q¤H·í¤@¨®¡F¤@ÃM·í¨B¨ò¤K¤H¡A¤
K¤H·í¤@ÃM¡F 
¤@¨®·í¤QÃM¡A¤QÃM·í¤@¨®¡CÀI¾Ô¤§ªk¡A¤@¨®·í¨B¨ò¥|¤Q¤H¡A¥
|¤Q¤H·í¤@¨® 
¡F¤@ÃM·í¨B¨ò¥|¤H¡A¥|¤H·í¤@ÃM¡F¤@¨®·í¤»ÃM¡A¤»ÃM·í¤@¨®¡
C 
¤Ò¨®ÃMªÌ¡A-x¤§ªZ§L¤]¡C¤Q-¼±Ñ¤d¤H¡A¦Ê-¼±Ñ¸U¤H¡F¤QÃM¨«¦
ʤH¡A¦ÊÃM¨« ¤d¤H¡A¦¹¨ä¤j¼Æ¤]¡C 
ªZ¤ý¤ê¡G¨®ÃM¤§¦O¼Æ»P°}ªk©`¦ó¡H¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¸m¨®¤§¦O¼Æ¡G¤-¨
®¤@ªø¡A¤Q¤- ¨®¤@¦O¡A¤-¤Q¨®¤@²v¡A¦Ê¨®¤@±N¡C©ö¾Ô¤§ªk¡A
¤-¨®¬°¦C¡A¬Û¥h¥|¤Q¨B¡A¥ª 
¥k¤Q¨B¡A¶¤¶¡¤»¤Q¨B¡CÀI¾Ô¤§ªk¡A¨®¥²´`¹D¡A¤Q¤-¨®¬°»E¡A¤T¤
Q¨®¬°¤Ù¡A 
«e«á¬Û¥h¤G¤Q¨B¡A¥ª¥k¤»¨B¡A¶¤¶¡¤T¤Q¤»¨B¡CÁa¾î¬Û¥h¤@¨½¡A
¦Uªð¬G¹D¡C 
¸mÃM¤§¦O¼Æ¡G¤-ÃM¤@ªø¡A¤QÃM¤@¦O¡A¦ÊÃM¤@²v¡A¤G¦ÊÃM
¤@±N¡C©ö¾Ô¤§ªk¡G 
¤-ÃM¬°¦C¡A«e«á¬Û¥h¤G¤Q¨B¡A¥ª¥k¥|¨B¡A¶¤¶¡¤-¤Q¨B¡FÀI¾Ô¤§ªk
¡G«e«á¬Û 
¥h¤Q¨B¡A¥ª¥k¤G¨B¡A¶¤¶¡¤G¤Q¤-¨B¡C¤T¤QÃM¬°¤@¤Ù¡A¤»¤QÃM
¬°¤@½ú¡AÁa¾î ¬Û¥h¦Ê¨B¡A©PÁÙ¦U´_¬G³B¡CªZ¤ý¤ê¡Gµ½«v¡I 
ªZ¨®¤h²Ä¤-¤Q¤» 
ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¿ï¨®¤h©`¦ó¡H¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¿ï¨®¤h¤§ªk¡A¨ú¦~¥|¤Q¥H¤
U¡Aªø¤C 
¤Ø¤-¤o¥H¤W¡A¨«¯à³v©b°¨¡A¤Î¹£¦Ó-¼¤§¡A«e«á¥ª¥k¡A¤W¤U¶g±Û¡A
¯à§ô¿£±Ü 
ÑÒ¡F¤O¯àÝb¤K¥Û©¸¡A®g«e«á¥ª¥k¡A¬Ò«K²ßªÌ¡A¦W¤êªZ¨®¤§¤h¡A
¤£¥i¤£«p¤] ¡C 
ªZÃM¤h²Ä¤-¤Q¤C 
ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¿ïÃM¤h©`¦ó¡H¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¿ïÃM¤h¤§ªk¡A¨ú¦~¥|¤Q¥
H¤U¡Aªø¤C
¤Ø¤-¤o¥H¤W¡A§§°·±¶¯e¡A¶Wµ´-Ûµ¥¡F¯à¹£ÃMÝb®g¡A«e«á¥ª¥k¡A
©P±Û¶i°h¡F 
¶V·¾¹Õ¡Aµn¥C³®¡A«_ÀIªý¡Aµ´¤j¿A¡F¹£±j¼Ä¡A¶Ã¤j²³ªÌ¡A¦W¤êªZÃ
M¤§¤h¡A ¤£¥i¤£«p¤]¡C 
¾Ô¨®²Ä¤-¤Q¤K 
ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¾Ô¨®©`¦ó¡H¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¨B¶Qª¾ÅܰʡA¨®¶Qª¾¦a§
ΡAÃM¶Qª¾§O 
®|©_¹D¡A¤T-x¦P¦W¦Ó²§¥Î¤]¡C¤Z¨®¤§¾Ô¡A¦º¦a¦³¤Q¡A³Ó¦a¦³¤K¡C 
ªZ¤ý¤ê¡G¤Q¦º¤§¦a©`¦ó¡H¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G©¹¦ÓµL¥HÁ٪̡A¨®¤§¦º¦a¤]¡C¶V
µ´ÀIªý 
¡A-¼¼Ä»·¦æªÌ¡A¨®¤§ºÜ¦a¤]¡C«e©ö«áÀIªÌ¡A¨®¤§§x¦a¤]¡C³´¤§ÀIªý¦Ó
Ãø¥X 
ªÌ¡A¨®¤§µ´¦a¤]¡C‡I¤Uº¥¿A¡A¶Â¤gÂHÔ²ªÌ¡A¨®¤§³Ò¦a¤]¡C¥ªÀI¥k©ö¡
A¤W³® 
¥õ¨ÁªÌ¡A¨®¤§°f¦a¤]¡C®ï¯ó¾î¯a¡A¥Ç¾ú¯C¿AªÌ¡A¨®¤§©Ø¦a¤]¡C¨®¤
Ö¦a©ö¡A 
»P¨B¤£¼ÄªÌ¡A¨®¤§±Ñ¦a¤]¡A«á¦³·¾Âp¡A¥ª¦³²`¤ô¡A¥k¦³®m¨ÁªÌ¡C¨®¤§
Ãa¦a 
¤]¡C¤é©]ÀM«B¡A¦¯¤é¤£¤î¡A¹D¸ô¼ì³´¡A«e¤£¯à¶i¡A«á¤£¯à¸ÑªÌ¡A¨®¤
§³´¦a 
¤]¡C¦¹¤QªÌ¡A¨®¤§¦º¦a¤]¡C¬G©å±N¤§©Ò¥H¨£¾à¡A©ú±N¤§©Ò¥H¯àÁ
פ]¡C 
ªZ¤ý¤ê¡G¤K³Ó¤§¦a©`¦ó¡H¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¼Ä¤§«e«á¡A¦æ°}¥¼©w¡A§Y³´¤
§¡C±ÜÑÒÂZ 
¶Ã¡A¤H°¨¼Æ°Ê¡A§Y³´¤§¡C¤h¨ò©Î«e©Î«á¡A©Î¥ª©Î¥k¡A§Y³´¤§¡C°}
¤£°í©T¡A 
¤h¨ò«e«á¬ÛÅU¡A§Y³´¤§¡C«e©¹¦ÓºÃ¡A«á©¹¦Ó©Ä¡A§Y³´¤§¡C¤T-xÖ`
Åå¡A¬ÒÁ¡ 
¦Ó°_¡A§Y³´¤§¡C¾Ô©ó©ö¦a¡A¼Ç¤£¯à¸Ñ¡A§Y³´¤§¡C»·¦æ¦Ó¼ÇªÙ¡A¤
T-x®£Äß¡A §Y³´¤§¡C¦¹¤KªÌ¡A¨®¤§³Ó¦a¤]¡C 
±N©ú©ó¤Q®`¤K³Ó¡A¼ÄÁö³ò©P¡A¤d-¼¸UÃM¡A«eÅX®Ç¹£¡A¸U¾
Ô¥²³Ó¡CªZ¤ý¤ê¡G µ½«v¡I 
¾ÔÃM²Ä¤-¤Q¤E 
ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¾ÔÃM©`¦ó¡H¤Ó¤½¤ê¡GÃM¦³¤Q³Ó¤E±Ñ¡C 
ªZ¤ý¤ê¡G¤Q³Ó©`¦ó¡H¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¼Ä¤H©l¦Ü¡A¦æ°}¥¼©w¡A«e«á¤£Ä
Ý¡A³´¨ä«eÃM 
¡AÀ»¨ä¥ª¥k¡A¼Ä¤H¥²¨«¡C¼Ä¤H¦æ°}¡A¾ã»ô°í©T¡A¤h¨ò±ý°«¡C§^Ã
MÁl¦Ó¤Å¥h 
¡A©Î¹£¦Ó©¹¡A©Î¹£¦Ó¨Ó¡A¨ä¯e¦p-·¡A¨ä¼É¦p¹p¡A¥Õ±Þ¦p©ü¡A¼Æ§ó±
ÜÑÒ¡AÅÜ 
§ó¦çªA¡A¨ä-x¥i§J¡C¼Ä¤H¦æ°}¤£©T¡A¤h¨ò¤£°«¡CÁ¡¨ä«e«á¡AÂy¨ä¥ª¥
k¡AÁl 
¦ÓÀ»¤§¼Ä¤H¥²Äß¡C¼Ä¤H¼Ç±ýÂkªÙ¡A¤T-x®£Àb¡AÁl¨ä¨â®Ç¡A¯e
À»¨ä«á¡AÁ¡¨ä 
ÂS¤f¡AµL¨Ï±o¤J¡A¼Ä¤H¥²±Ñ¡C¼Ä¤HµLÀIªý«O©T¡A²`¤JªøÅX¡Aµ
´¨ä³¹D¡A¼Ä 
¤H¥²ÄÈ¡C¦a¥-¦Ó©ö¡A¥|-±¨£¼Ä¡A¨®ÃM³´¤§¡A¼Ä¤H¥²¶Ã¡C¼Ä¤H©
b¨«¡A¤h¨ò´² 
¶Ã¡C©ÎÁl¨ä¨â®Ç¡A©Î±»¨ä«e«á¡A¨ä±N¥i¾à¡C¼Ä¤H¼Çªð¡A¨ä§L¬Æ²
³¡A¨ä¦æ°} 
¥²¶Ã¡C¥O§ÚÃM¤Q¦Ó¬°¶¤¡A¦Ê¦Ó¬°¤Ù¡A¨®¤-¦Ó¬°»E¡A¤Q¦Ó¬°¸s¡A¦h
³]±ÜÑÒ¡A 
Âø¥H±j©¸¡F©ÎÀ»¨ä¨â®Ç¡A©Îµ´¨ä«e«á¡A¼Ä±N¥i¸¸¡C¦¹ÃM¤§¤Q³Ó¤]
¡C 
ªZ¤ý¤ê¡G¤E±Ñ©`¦ó¡H¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¤Z¥HÃM³´¼Ä¦Ó¤£¯à¯}°}¡F¼Ä¤H¨
˨«¡A¥H¨®ÃM 
ªðÀ»§Ú«á¡A¦¹ÃM¤§±Ñ¦a¤]¡C°l¥_ëÆÀI¡AªøÅX¤£¤î¡F¼Ä¤H¥ñ§Ú¨â®
Ç¡A¤Sµ´§Ú 
«á¡A¦¹ÃM¤§³ò¦a¤]¡C©¹¦ÓµL¥Hªð¡A¤J¦ÓµL¥H¥X¡A¬O¿×³´©ó¤Ñ¤«¡A
¹y©ó¦a¥Þ 
¡A¦¹ÃM¤§¦º¦a¤]¡C©Ò±q¤JªÌ¹i¡A©Ò±q¥XªÌ»·¡C©¼®z¥i¥HÀ»§Ú±j¡A©
¼¹è¥i¥H 
À»§Ú²³¡A¦¹ÃM¤§¨S¦a¤]¡C¤j¼î²`¨¦¡AÁk-ZªL¤ì¡A¦¹ÃM¤§ºÜ¦a¤]¡C¥ª¥k¦³
¤ô 
¡A«e¦³¤jªú¡A«á¦³°ª¤s¡F¤T-x¾Ô©ó¨â¤ô¤§¶¡¡A¼Ä©~ªíùØ¡A¦¹ÃM¤§Á}¦
a¤]¡C 
¼Ä¤Hµ´§Ú³¹D¡A©¹¦ÓµL¥HÁÙ¡A¦¹ÃM¤§§x¦a¤]¡C¦¾¤Uªq¿A¡C¶i°hº
¥Ïv¡A¦¹ÃM 
¤§±w¦a¤]¡C¥ª¦³²`·¾¡A¥k¦³§|ªú¡A°ª¤U¦p¥-¦a¡A¶i°h»¤¼Ä¡A¦¹ÃM¤§³´¦a¤] 
¡C¦¹¤EªÌ¡AÃM¤§¦º¦a¤]¡C©ú±N¤§©Ò¥H»·ÁסAîî±N¤§©Ò¥H³´±Ñ¤]¡C 
¾Ô¨B²Ä¤»¤Q 
ªZ¤ý°Ý¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¨B§L»P¨®ÃM¾Ô©`¦ó¡H¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¨B§L»P¨®ÃM¾
Ԫ̡A¥²¨Ì¥C³® 
ÀIªý¡Aªø§L±j©¸©~«e¡Aµu§L®z©¸©~«á¡A§óµo§ó¤î¡C¼Ä¤§¨®ÃMÁ
ö²³¦Ó¦Ü¡A°í °}¯e¾Ô¡A§÷¤h±j©¸¡A¥H³Æ§Ú«á¡C 
ªZ¤ý¤ê¡G§^µL¥C³®¡A¤SµLÀIªý¡C¼Ä¤H¤§¦Ü¡A¬J²³¥BªZ¡A¨®ÃMÁl
§Ú¨â®Ç¡AÂy §Ú«e«á¡C§^¤T-x®£Äß¡A¶Ã±Ñ¦Ó¨«¡A¬°¤§©`¦ó¡H 
¤Ó¤½¤ê¡G¥O§Ú¤h¨ò¬°¦æ°¨¡A¤ìã°²ú¡A¸m¤û°¨¶¤¥î¡A¬°¥|ªZ½Ä°}¡F±æ
¼Ä¨®ÃM 
±N¨Ó¡A§¡¸mã°²ú¡F±¸¦a¥`«á¡A¼s²`¤-¤Ø¡A¦W¤ê©RÅ¢¡C¤H¾Þ¦æ°¨¶i¨B
¡AÁñ¨® 
¥H¬°ÂS¡A±À¦Ó«e«á¡A¥ß¦Ó¬°¤Ù¡F§÷¤h±j©¸¡A³Æ§Ú¥ª¥k¡CµM«á¥O
§Ú¤T-x¡A¬Ò ¯e¾Ô¦Ó¤£¸Ñ¡CªZ¤ý¤ê¡Gµ½«v¡C 
 
End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of liu tao (B.C 1134-1116), by lv 
wang 
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIU TAO (B.C 
1134-1116) *** 
This file should be named 8ltao10.txt or 8ltao10.zip Corrected 
EDITIONS of our eBooks get a new NUMBER, 8ltao11.txt 
VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, 8ltao10a.txt 
Produced by Ni-Yen Wu 
Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed 
editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the US unless 
a copyright notice is included. Thus, we usually do not keep eBooks in 
compliance with any particular paper edition. 
We are now trying to release all our eBooks one year in advance of the 
official release dates, leaving time for better editing. Please be 
encouraged to tell us about any error or corrections, even years after the 
official publication date. 
Please note neither this listing nor its contents are final til midnight of 
the last day of the month of any such announcement. The official 
release date of all Project Gutenberg eBooks is at Midnight, Central 
Time, of the last day of the stated month. A preliminary version may 
often be posted for suggestion, comment and editing by those who wish 
to do so. 
Most people start at our Web sites at: http://gutenberg.net
 or 
http://promo.net/pg
 
These Web sites include award-winning information about Project 
Gutenberg, including how to donate, how to help produce our new 
eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter (free!).
Those of you who want to download any eBook before announcement 
can get to them as follows, and just download by date. This is also a 
good way to get them instantly upon announcement, as the indexes our 
cataloguers produce obviously take a while after an announcement goes 
out in the Project Gutenberg Newsletter. 
http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/etext03
 or 
ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext03
 
Or /etext02, 01, 00, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90 
Just search by the first five letters of the filename you want, as it 
appears in our Newsletters. 
Information about Project Gutenberg 
(one page) 
We produce about two million dollars for each hour we work. The time 
it takes us, a rather conservative estimate, is fifty hours to get any 
eBook selected, entered, proofread, edited, copyright searched and 
analyzed, the copyright letters written, etc. Our projected audience is 
one hundred million readers. If the value per text is nominally 
estimated at one dollar then we produce $2 million dollars per hour in 
2002 as we release over 100 new text files per month: 1240 more 
eBooks in 2001 for a total of 4000+ We are already on our way to 
trying for 2000 more eBooks in 2002 If they reach just 1-2% of the 
world's population then the total will reach over half a trillion eBooks 
given away by year's end. 
The Goal of Project Gutenberg is to Give Away 1 Trillion eBooks! 
This is ten thousand titles each to one hundred million readers, which is 
only about 4% of the present number of computer users. 
Here is the briefest record of our progress (* means estimated): 
eBooks Year Month 
1 1971 July 10 1991 January 100 1994 January 1000 1997 August 1500 
1998 October 2000 1999 December 2500 2000 December 3000 2001 
November 4000 2001 October/November 6000 2002 December* 9000 
2003 November* 10000 2004 January* 
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation has been created to
secure a future for Project Gutenberg into the next    
    
		
	
	
	Continue reading on your phone by scaning this QR Code
 
	 	
	
	
	    Tip: The current page has been bookmarked automatically. If you wish to continue reading later, just open the 
Dertz Homepage, and click on the 'continue reading' link at the bottom of the page.
	    
	    
