Graded Lessons in English | Page 8

the second column to such of the more
important words in the third column as with them will make complete
predicates, and join these predicates to all subjects in the first column
with which they will unite to make good sense.
1 | 2 | 3 -------------|-----------------|------------ Burgoyne | are | woven.
Henry Hudson | was | defeated. Sparrows | can be | condensed. Comets |
is | inhaled. Time | have been | worn. Turbans | may be | slacked. Lime |
has been | wasted. Steam | could have been | seen. Air | must have been
| deceived. Carpets | were | quarreling.

LESSON 13.
Point out the subject and the predicate of each sentence in Lessons 28,
31, 34.
Look first for the word that asserts, and then, by putting who or what
before this predicate, the subject may easily be found.
+To the Teacher+.--Most violations of the rules of concord come from
a failure to recognize the relation of subject and predicate when these
parts are transposed or are separated by other words. Such
constructions should therefore receive special attention. See Notes, pp.
164, 165.
Introduce the class to the Parts of Speech before the close of this
recitation. See "Hints for Oral Instruction."
See "Suggestions for COMPOSITION EXERCISES," p. 8, last
paragraph.

LESSON 14.
CLASSES OF WORDS.
+Hints for Oral Instruction+.--By the assistance of the few hints here
given, the ingenious teacher may render this usually dry subject
interesting and highly attractive. By questioning the pupil as to what he
has seen and heard, his interest may be excited and his curiosity
awakened.
Suppose that we make an imaginary excursion to some pleasant field or
grove, where we may study the habits, the plumage, and the songs of
the little birds.
If we attempt to make the acquaintance of every little feathered singer
we meet, we shall never get to the end of our pleasant task: but we find
that some resemble one another in size, shape, color, habits, and song.

These we associate together and call them sparrows.
We find others differing essentially from the sparrows, but resembling
one another. These we call robins.
We thus find that, although we were unable to become acquainted with
each individual bird, they all belong to a few classes, with which we
may soon become familiar.
It is so with the words of our language. There are many thousand words,
all of which belong to eight classes.
These classes of words are called +Parts of Speech+.
We classify birds according to their form, color, etc., but we group
words into classes, called +Parts of Speech+, with respect to their use
in the sentence.
We find that many words are names. These we put in one class and call
them +Nouns+.
Each pupil may give the name of something in the room; the name of a
distinguished person; a name that may be applied to a class of persons;
the name of an animal; the name of a place: the name of a river; the
name of a mountain; the name of something which we cannot see or
touch, but of which we can think; as, beauty, mind.
Remind the pupils frequently that these names are all nouns.
NOUNS.
+DEFINITION.--A Noun is the name of anything+.
Write in columns, headed nouns, the names of domestic animals, of
garden vegetables, of flowers, of trees, of articles sold in a dry goods
store, and of things that cannot be seen or touched; as, virtue, time, life.
Write and arrange, according to the following model, the names of
things that can float, fly, walk, work, sit, or sing.

Nouns. Cork | Clouds | +Model+.--Wood + floats or float. Ships | Boys |
Such expressions as Cork floats are sentences, and the nouns cork, ship,
etc., are the subjects. You will find that +every subject+ is a +noun+
or some word or words used for a noun.
Be prepared to analyze and parse the sentences which you have made.
Naming the class to which a word belongs is the first step in parsing.
+Model for Analysis+.--This is a sentence, because -----; cork is the
subject, because -----; floats is the predicate, because -----.
+Parsing+.--Cork is a noun, because it is the name of a thing--the bark
of a tree.

LESSON 15.
Select and write all the nouns in the sentences given in Lessons 28, 31,
34.
Tell why they are nouns.
In writing the nouns, observe the following rule.
+CAPITAL LETTER--RULE.--Every proper or individual name must
begin with a capital letter+.
+To the Teacher+.--See Notes, pp. 167-169.
REVIEW QUESTIONS.
With respect to what, do we classify words (Lesson 14)? What are such
classes called? Can you illustrate this classification? What are all
names? What is a noun? What is the first step