England in America, 1580-1652

in America, 1580-1652, by Lyon
Gardiner Tyler

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Title: England in America, 1580-1652
Author: Lyon Gardiner Tyler
Release Date: July 14, 2005 [EBook #16294]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
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IN AMERICA, 1580-1652 ***

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ENGLAND IN AMERICA
1580-1652

By
Lyon Gardiner Tyler, LL.D.
J. & J. Harper Editions Harper & Row, Publishers New York and
Evanston
1904 by Harper & Brothers.
[Illustration: SIR WALTER RALEIGH (1552-1618). From an
engraving by Robinson after a painting by Zucchero.]
CONTENTS
CHAP. PAGE
EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION xiii
AUTHOR'S PREFACE xix
I. GENESIS OF ENGLISH COLONIZATION (1492-1579) 3
II. GILBERT AND RALEIGH COLONIES (1583-1602) 18
III. FOUNDING OF VIRGINIA (1602-1608) 34
IV. GLOOM IN VIRGINIA (1608-1617) 55
V. TRANSITION OF VIRGINIA (1617-1640) 76
VI. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF VIRGINIA
(1634-1652) 100
VII. FOUNDING OF MARYLAND (1632-1650) 118
VIII. CONTENTIONS IN MARYLAND (1633-1652) 134
IX. FOUNDING OF PLYMOUTH (1608-1630) 149

X. DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PLYMOUTH (1621-1643) 163
XI. GENESIS OF MASSACHUSETTS (1628-1630) 183
XII. FOUNDING OF MASSACHUSETTS (1630-1642) 196
XIII. RELIGION AND GOVERNMENT IN MASSACHUSETTS
(1631-1638) 210
XIV. NARRAGANSETT AND CONNECTICUT SETTLEMENTS
(1635-1637) 229
XV. FOUNDING OF CONNECTICUT AND NEW HAVEN
(1637-1652) 251
XVI. NEW HAMPSHIRE AND MAINE (1653-1658) 266
XVII. COLONIAL NEIGHBORS (1643-1652) 282
XVIII. THE NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERATION (1643-1654) 297
XIX. EARLY NEW ENGLAND LIFE 318
XX. CRITICAL ESSAY ON AUTHORITIES 328
INDEX 341
MAPS
ROANOKE ISLAND, JAMESTOWN, AND ST. MARY'S (1584-1632)
facing 34
CHART OF VIRGINIA, SHOWING INDIAN AND EARLY
ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS IN 1632 76
VIRGINIA IN 1652 99
MARYLAND IN 1652 133

NEW ENGLAND (1652) facing 196
MAINE IN 1652 265
NEW SWEDEN AND NEW NETHERLAND 296
[Transcriber's Note: This text retains original spellings. Also,
superscripted abbreviations or contractions are indicated by the use of a
caret (^), such as w^th (with).]
EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION
Some space has already been given in this series to the English and
their relation to the New World, especially the latter half of Cheyney's
European Background of American History, which deals with the
religious, social, and political institutions which the English colonists
brought with them; and chapter v. of Bourne's Spain in America,
describing the Cabot voyages. This volume begins a detailed story of
the English settlement, and its title indicates the conception of the
author that during the first half-century the American colonies were
simply outlying portions of the English nation, but that owing to
disturbances culminating in civil war they had the opportunity to
develop on lines not suggested by the home government.
The first two chapters deal with the unsuccessful attempts to plant
English colonies, especially by Gilbert and Raleigh. These beginnings
are important because they proved the difficulty of planting colonies
through individual enterprise. At the same time the author brings out
clearly the various motives for colonization--the spirit of adventure, the
desire to enjoy a new life, and the intent to harm the commerce of the
colonies of Spain.
In chapters iii. to vi. the author describes the final founding of the first
successful colony, Virginia, and emphasizes four notable characteristics
of that movement. The first is the creation of colonizing companies (a
part of the movement described in its more general features by
Cheyney in his chapters vii. and viii.). The second is the great waste of
money and the awful sacrifice of human life caused by the failure of the

colonizers to adapt themselves to the conditions of life in America.
That the people of Virginia should be fed on grain brought from
England, should build their houses in a swamp, should spend their
feeble energies in military executions of one another is an unhappy
story made none the pleasanter by the knowledge that the founders of
the company in England were spending freely of their substance and
their effort on the colony. The third element in the growth of Virginia is
the introduction of the staple crop, always in demand, and adapted to
the soil of Virginia. Tobacco, after 1616, speedily became the main
interest of Virginia, and without tobacco it must have gone down. A
fourth characteristic is the early evidence of an unconquerable desire
for self-government, brought out in the movements of the first
assembly of 1619 and the later colonial government: here we have the
germ of the later American system of government.
The founding of the neighboring colony of Maryland (chapters vii. and
viii.) marks the first of the proprietary colonies;