Draining for Profit, and Draining for Health

Draining for Profit, and Draining
for
by George E. Waring

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Title: Draining for Profit, and Draining for Health
Author: George E. Waring
Release Date: October 4, 2006 [Ebook #19465]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO 8859-1
***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DRAINING
FOR PROFIT, AND DRAINING FOR HEALTH***

Draining for Profit, and Draining for Health
by George E. Waring

Edition 1, (October 4, 2006)

New York Orange Judd & Company, 245 Broadway.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1867, by ORANGE
JUDD & CO.
At the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for this
Southern District of New-York.
Lovejoy & Son, Electrotypers and Stereotypers. 15 Vandewater street
N.Y.

In presenting this book to the public the writer desires to say that,
having in view the great importance of thorough work in land draining,
and believing it advisable to avoid every thing which might be
construed into an approval of half-way measures, he has purposely
taken the most radical view of the whole subject, and has endeavored to
emphasize the necessity for the utmost thoroughness in all draining
operations, from the first staking of the lines to the final filling-in of the
ditches.
That it is sometimes necessary, because of limited means, or limited
time, or for other good reasons, to drain partially or imperfectly, or
with a view only to temporary results, is freely acknowledged. In these
cases the occasion for less completeness in the work must determine
the extent to which the directions herein laid down are to be
disregarded; but it is believed that, even in such cases, the principles on
which those directions are founded should be always borne in mind.
NEWPORT, R.I., 1867.

ILLUSTRATIONS
Fig. 1 - A DRY SOIL. Fig. 2 - A WET SOIL. Fig. 3 - A DRAINED
SOIL. Fig. 4 - MAP OF LAND, WITH SWAMPS, ROCKS, SPRINGS
AND TREES. INTENDED TO REPRESENT A FIELD OF TEN
ACRES BEFORE DRAINING. Fig. 5 - MAP WITH 50-FOOT
SQUARES, AND CONTOUR LINES. Fig. 6 - LEVELLING
INSTRUMENT. Fig. 7 - LEVELLING ROD. Fig. 8 - MAP WITH
CONTOUR LINES. Fig. 9 - WELL'S CLINOMETER. Fig. 10 -
STONE PIT TO CONNECT SPRING WITH DRAIN. Fig. 11 -
STONE AND TILE BASIN FOR SPRING WITH DRAIN. Fig. 12 -
LINE OF SATURATION BETWEEN DRAINS. Fig. 13 -
HORSE-SHOE TILE. Fig. 14 - SOLE TILE. Fig. 15 - DOUBLE-SOLE
TILE. Fig. 16 - ROUND TILE AND COLLAR, AND THE SAME AS
LAID. Fig. 19 - THREE PROFILES OF DRAINS, WITH
DIFFERENT INCLINATIONS. Fig. 20 - MAP WITH DRAINS AND
CONTOUR LINES. Fig. 21 - PROFILE OF DRAIN C. Fig. 22 - SET
OF TOOLS. Fig. 23 - OUTLET, SECURED WITH MASONRY AND
GRATING. Fig. 24 - SILT-BASIN, BUILT TO THE SURFACE. Fig.
25 - FINISHING SPADE. Fig. 26 - FINISHING SCOOP. Fig. 27 -
BRACING THE SIDES IN SOFT LAND. Fig. 28 - MEASURING
STAFF. Fig. 29 - BONING ROD. Fig. 30 - POSITION OF
WORKMAN AND USE OF FINISHING SCOOP. Fig. 31 -
SIGHTING BY THE BONING-RODS. Fig. 32 - PICK FOR
DRESSING AND PREFORATING TILE. Fig. 33 - LATERAL
DRAIN ENTERING AT TOP. Fig. 34 - SECTIONAL VIEW OF
JOINT. Fig. 35 - SQUARE BRICK SILT-BASIN. Fig. 36 -
SILT-BASIN OF VITRIFIED PIPE. Fig. 37 - TILE SILT-BASIN. Fig.
38 - MAUL FOR RAMMING. Fig. 39 - BOARD SCRAPER FOR
FILLING DITCHES. Fig. 40 - CROSS-SECTION OF DITCH
(FILLED), WITH FURROW AT EACH SIDE. Fig. 41 - FOOT PICK.
Fig. 42 - PUG-MILL. Fig. 43 - PLATE OF DIES. Fig. 44 - CHEAP
WOODEN MACHINE. Fig. 45 - MANDRIL FOR CARRYING
TILES FROM MACHINE. Fig. 46 - CLAY-KILN. Fig. 47 - DYKE
AND DITCH. Fig. 48 - OLD STYLE HOUSE DRAINAGE AND
SEWERAGE. Fig. 49 - MODERN HOUSE DRAINAGE AND
SEWERAGE.

CONTENTS
CHAPTER I.
- LAND TO BE DRAINED AND THE REASONS WHY.
CHAPTER II.
- HOW DRAINS ACT, AND HOW THEY AFFECT THE SOIL
CHAPTER III.
- HOW TO GO TO WORK TO LAY OUT A SYSTEM OF DRAINS.
CHAPTER IV.
- HOW TO MAKE THE DRAINS.
CHAPTER V.
- HOW TO TAKE CARE OF DRAINS AND DRAINED LAND.
CHAPTER VI.
- WHAT DRAINING COSTS.
CHAPTER VII.
- "WILL IT PAY?"
CHAPTER VIII.
- HOW TO MAKE DRAINING TILES.
CHAPTER IX.

- THE RECLAIMING OF SALT MARSHES.
CHAPTER X.
- MALARIAL DISEASES.
CHAPTER XI.
- HOUSE DRAINAGE AND TOWN SEWERAGE IN THEIR
RELATIONS TO