Disputed Handwriting | Page 3

Not Powerful Enough--Character of Ink Easily
Told--The Microscope and a Knowledge of Its Use--Experience and
Education of an Examiner of Great Assistance--An Expert's
Opinion--The Use of the Microscope Recommended--Illustrating a
Method of Forgery--What a Microscopic Examination Reveals--How to
Examine Forged Handwriting with a Microscope--Experts and a
Jury--What the Best Authorities Recommend

CHAPTER XII
SIGNATURE EXPERTS THE SAFETY OF THE MODERN BANK
A New Departure in Banks--Examining All Signatures a Sure
Preventive Against Forgery--The "Filling in" Process--How One Forger
Operated--Marvelous Accuracy of a Paying Teller--How He Attained
Perfection--How Signature Clerks Work--A Common Dodge of
Forgers--Post Dated Checks--A System That Prevents Forged and
Raised Checks--Not a Forged or Raised Check Paid in Years
CHAPTER XIII
HOW TO DETERMINE AGE OF ANY WRITING
The Different Kinds of Ink Met With--Inks That Darken by Exposure
to Sunlight and Air--Introduction of Aniline Colors to Determine the
Age of Writings--An Almost Infallible Rule to Follow--Determining
Age of Writing By Ink Used--The Ammonia System a Sure One--A
Question of Great Interest to Bankers and Bank Employes--Thick and
Thin Inks--So-Called Safety Inks That Are Not Safe--How to Restore
Faded Inks--An Infallible Rule--Restoring Faded Writing--Restored By
the Silk and Cotton System That Anyone Can Arrange--Danger of
Exposing Restored Writing to the Sun
CHAPTER XIV
DETECTING FRAUD AND FORGERY IN PAPERS AND
DOCUMENTS
Infallible Rules for the Detection of Same--New Methods of
Research--Changing Wills and Books of Accounts--Judgment of the
Naked Eye--Using a Microscope or Magnifying Glass--Changeable
Effects of Ink--How to Detect the Use of Different Inks--Sized Papers
Not Easily Altered--Inks That Produce Chemical Effects--Inks That
Destroy Fiber of Paper--How to Test Tampered or Altered
Documents--Treating Papers Suspected of Forgery--Using Water to

Detect Fraud--Discovering Scratched Paper--Means Forgers Use to
Mask Fraudulent Operations--How to Prepare and Handle Test
Papers--Detecting Paper That Has Been Washed--Various Other
Valuable Tests to Determine Forgery--A Simple Operation That
Anyone Can Apply--Iodine Used on Papers and Documents--An
Alcohol Test That Is Certain--Bringing Out Telltale Spots--Double
Advantage of Certain Tests--Reappearance of Former Letters or
Figures--What Genuine Writing Reveals--When an Entire Paper or
Document is Forged
CHAPTER XV
GUIDED HANDWRITING AND METHOD USED
The Most Frequent and Dangerous Method of Forgery--How to Detect
a Guided Signature--What Guided Handwriting Is and How It Is
Done--Character of Such Writing--Writing by a Guided
Hand--Difficulty in Writing--Force Exercised by Joint Hands--A Hand
More or Less Passive--Work of the Controlling Hand--How Guided
Writing Appears--Two Writers Acting in Opposition--Distorted
Writing--How a Legitimate Guided Hand is Directed and
Supported--Pen Motion Necessary to Produce Same--Influence in
Guiding a Stronger Hand--Avoiding an Unnatural and Cramped
Position--Effect of the Brain on Guided Hand--Separating
Characteristics from Guided Joint Signature--Detecting Writing by a
System of Measurement
CHAPTER XVI
TALES TOLD BY HANDWRITING
Telling the Nationality, Sex and Age of Anyone Who Executes
Handwriting--Americans and Their Style of Writing--How English,
German, and French Write--Gobert, the French Expert, and How He
Saved Dreyfus--Miser Paine and His Millions Saved by an
Expert--Writing with Invisible Ink--Professor Braylant's Secret Writing
Without Ink--Professor Gross Discovers a Simple Secret Writing

Method With a Piece of Pointed Hardwood--A System Extensively
Used--Studying the Handwriting of Authors--How to Determine a
Person's Character and Disposition by Handwriting
CHAPTER XVII
WORKINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT SECRET SERVICE
Officials of This Department Talk About Their Work--How Criminals
Are Traced, Caught and Punished--Its Work Extending to All
Departments--Secret Service Districts--Reports Made to the Treasury
Department--Good Money and Bad--How to Detect the False--System
of Numbering United States Notes Explained--Counterfeiting on the
Decrease--Counterfeiting Gold Certificates--Bank Tellers and
Counterfeits--The Best Secret Service in the World
CHAPTER XVIII
CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT INDICATED BY
HANDWRITING
A Man's Handwriting a Part of Himself--Handwriting and
Personality--Cheap Postage and Typewriters Playing Havoc with
Writing by Hand--Old Time Correspondence Vanishing--Two
Divisions of Handwriting--Fashion Has Changed Even
Writing--Characteristic Writing of Different Professions--One's
Handwriting a Sure Index to Character and Temperament--Personality
of Handwriting--Handwriting a Voiceless Speaking--A Neglected
Science--Interest in Disputed Handwriting Rapidly Coming to the
Front--Set Writing Copies no Longer the Rule--Formal
Handwriting--Education's Effect on Writing--Handwriting and
Personality--The Character and Temperament of Writers Easily
Told--Honest, Eccentric, and Weak People--How to Determine
Character by Writing--The Marks of Truth and
Straightforwardness--How Perseverance and Patience Are Indicated in
Writing--Economy, Generosity and Liberality Easily Shown in
Writing--The Character and Temperament of Any Writer Easily

Shown--Studying Character from Handwriting a Fascinating
Work--Rules for Its Study--Links in a Chain That Cannot be Hidden--A
Person's Writing a Surer Index to Character Than His Face
CHAPTER XIX
HANDWRITING EXPERTS AS WITNESSES
Who May Testify As An Expert--Bank Officials and Bank Employes
Always Desired--Definition of Expert and Opinion Evidence--Both
Witness and Advocate--Witness in Cross Examination--Men Who
Have Made the Science of Disputed Handwriting a Study--Objections
to Appear in Court--Experts Contradicting Each Other--The Truth or
Falsity of Handwriting--Sometimes a Mass of Doubtful
Speculations--Paid Experts and Veracity--Present Method of Dealing
with Disputed Handwriting Experts--How the Bench and Bar Regard
the System--Remedies Proposed--Should an Expert Be an Adviser of
the Court?--Free from Cross-Examination--Opinions