declaration of war. I 
will confine myself to my own plans, which had so glorious and final a 
result. 
The fame of my eight submarines, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Theta, Delta, 
Epsilon, Iota, and Kappa, have spread through the world to such an
extent that people have begun to think that there was something 
peculiar in their form and capabilities. This is not so. Four of them, the 
Delta, Epsilon, Iota, and Kappa, were, it is true, of the very latest 
model, but had their equals (though not their superiors) in the navies of 
all the great Powers. As to Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Theta, they were 
by no means modern vessels, and found their prototypes in the old F 
class of British boats, having a submerged displacement of eight 
hundred tons, with heavy oil engines of sixteen hundred horse-power, 
giving them a speed of eighteen knots on the surface and of twelve 
knots submerged. Their length was one hundred and eighty-six and 
their breadth twenty-four feet. They had a radius of action of four 
thousand miles and a submerged endurance of nine hours. These were 
considered the latest word in 1915, but the four new boats exceeded 
them in all respects. Without troubling you with precise figures, I may 
say that they represented roughly a twenty-five per cent. advance up on 
the older boats, and were fitted with several auxiliary engines which 
were wanting in the others. At my suggestion, instead of carrying eight 
of the very large Bakdorf torpedoes, which are nineteen feet long, 
weigh half a ton, and are charged with two hundred pounds of wet 
gun-cotton, we had tubes designed for eighteen of less than half the size. 
It was my design to make myself independent of my base. 
And yet it was clear that I must have a base, so I made arrangements at 
once with that object. Blankenberg was the last place I would have 
chosen. Why should I have a port of any kind? Ports would be watched 
or occupied. Any place would do for me. I finally chose a small villa 
standing alone nearly five miles from any village and thirty miles from 
any port. To this I ordered them to convey, secretly by night, oil, spare 
parts, extra torpedoes, storage batteries, reserve periscopes, and 
everything that I could need for refitting. The little whitewashed villa 
of a retired confectioner--that was the base from which I operated 
against England. 
The boats lay at Blankenberg, and thither I went. They were working 
frantically at the defences, and they had only to look seawards to be 
spurred to fresh exertions. The British fleet was assembling. The 
ultimatum had not yet expired, but it was evident that a blow would be
struck the instant that it did. Four of their aeroplanes, circling at an 
immense height, were surveying our defences. From the top of the 
lighthouse I counted thirty battleships and cruisers in the offing, with a 
number of the trawlers with which in the British service they break 
through the mine-fields. The approaches were actually sown with two 
hundred mines, half contact and half observation, but the result showed 
that they were insufficient to hold off the enemy, since three days later 
both town and fleet were speedily destroyed. 
However, I am not here to tell you the incidents of the war, but to 
explain my own part in it, which had such a decisive effect upon the 
result. My first action was to send my four second-class boats away 
instantly to the point which I had chosen for my base. There they were 
to wait submerged, lying with negative buoyancy upon the sands in 
twenty foot of water, and rising only at night. My strict orders were that 
they were to attempt nothing upon the enemy, however tempting the 
opportunity. All they had to do was to remain intact and unseen, until 
they received further orders. Having made this clear to Commander 
Panza, who had charge of this reserve flotilla, I shook him by the hand 
and bade him farewell, leaving with him a sheet of notepaper upon 
which I had explained the tactics to be used and given him certain 
general principles which he could apply as circumstances demanded. 
My whole attention was now given to my own flotilla, which I divided 
into two divisions, keeping Iota and Kappa under my own command, 
while Captain Miriam had Delta and Epsilon. He was to operate 
separately in the British Channel, while my station was the Straits of 
Dover. I made the whole plan of campaign clear to him. Then I saw 
that each ship was provided with all it could carry. Each had forty tons 
of heavy oil for surface propulsion and charging the dynamo which 
supplied the electric engines under water. Each had also eighteen    
    
		
	
	
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