Caesar: A Sketch | Page 3

Character of Clodius.--Cato sent to

Cyprus.--Attempted Recall of Cicero defeated by Clodius.--Fight in the
Forum.--Pardon and Return of Cicero.--Moderate Speech to the
People.-- Violence in the Senate.--Abuse of Piso and
Gabinius.--Coldness of the Senate toward Cicero.--Restoration of
Cicero's House.--Interfered with by Clodius.--Factions of Clodius and
Milo.--Ptolemy Auletes expelled by his Subjects.--Appeals to Rome for
Help.--Alexandrian Envoys assassinated.-- Clodius elected
aedile.--Fight in the Forum.--Parties in Rome.--Situation of
Cicero.--Rally of the Aristocracy.--Attempt to repeal the Leges
Juliae.--Conference at Lucca.--Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.--Cicero
deserts the Senate.--Explains his Motives.--Confirmation of the
Ordinances of Lucca.--Pompey and Crassus Consuls.--Caesar's
Command prolonged for Five Additional Years.--Rejoicings in
Rome.--Spectacle in the Amphitheater.

CHAPTER XVI.
Revolt of the Veneti.--Fleet prepared in the Loire.--Sea-fight at
Quiberon.--Reduction of Normandy and of Aquitaine.--Complete
Conquest of Gaul.--Fresh Arrival of Germans over the Lower
Rhine.--Caesar orders them to retire, and promises them Lands
elsewhere.--They refuse to go--and are destroyed.--Bridge over the
Rhine.--Caesar invades Germany.--Returns after a Short Inroad.--First
Expedition into Britain.--Caesar lands at Deal, or Walmer.--Storm and
Injury to the Fleet.--Approach of the Equinox.-- Further Prosecution of
the Enterprise postponed till the following Year.-- Caesar goes to Italy
for the Winter.--Large Naval Preparations.--Return of Spring.--Alarm
on the Moselle.--Fleet collects at Boulogne.--Caesar sails for Britain a
Second Time.--Lands at Deal.--Second and more Destructive
Storm.--Ships repaired, and placed out of Danger.--Caesar marches
through Kent.--Crosses the Thames, and reaches St. Albans.--Goes no
further, and returns to Gaul.--Object of the Invasion of
Britain.--Description of the Country and People.

CHAPTER XVII.
Distribution of the Legions after the Return from Britain.--Conspiracy
among the Gallic Chiefs.--Rising of the Eburones.--Destruction of
Sabinus, and a Division of the Roman Army.--Danger of Quintus
Cicero.--Relieved by Caesar in Person.--General
Disturbance.--Labienus attacked at Lavacherie.--Defeats and kills
Induciomarus.--Second Conquest of the Belgae.--Caesar again crosses
the Rhine.--Quintus Cicero in Danger a Second Time.--Courage of a
Roman Officer.--Punishment of the Revolted Chiefs.--Execution of
Acco.

CHAPTER XVIII.
Correspondence of Cicero with Caesar.--Intimacy with Pompey and
Crassus.-- Attacks on Piso and Gabinius.---Cicero compelled to defend
Gabinius--and Vatinius.--Dissatisfaction with his Position.--Corruption
at the Consular Elections.--Public Scandal.--Caesar and
Pompey.--Deaths of Aurelia and Julia.--Catastrophe in the
East.--Overthrow and Death of Crassus.-- Intrigue to detach Pompey
from Caesar.---Milo a Candidate for the Consulship.--Murder of
Clodius.--Burning of the Senate-house.--Trial and Exile of Milo.--Fresh
Engagements with Caesar.--Promise of the Consulship at the End of his
Term in Gaul.

CHAPTER XIX.
Last Revolt of Gaul.--Massacre of Romans at
Gien.--Vercingetorix.--Effect on the Celts of the Disturbances at
Rome.--Caesar crosses the Cevennes.-- Defeats the Arverni.--Joins his
Army on the Seine.--Takes Gien, Nevers, and Bourges.--Fails at
Gergovia.--Rapid March to Sens.--Labienus at Paris.--Battle of the
Vingeanne.--Siege of Alesia.--Caesar's Double Lines.--Arrival of the

Relieving Army of Gauls.--First Battle on the Plain.--Second
Battle.--Great Defeat of the Gauls.--Surrender of Alesia.--Campaign
against the Carnutes and the Bellovaci.--Rising on the
Dordogne.--Capture of Uxellodunum.--Caesar at Arras.--Completion of
the Conquest.

CHAPTER XX.
Bibulus in Syria.--Approaching Term of Caesar's
Government.--Threats of Impeachment.--Caesar to be Consul or not to
be Consul?--Caesar's Political Ambition.--Hatred felt toward him by
the Aristocracy.--Two Legions taken from him on Pretense of Service
against the Parthians.--Caesar to be recalled before the Expiration of his
Government.--Senatorial Intrigues.-- Curio deserts the
Senate.--Labienus deserts Caesar.--Cicero in Cilicia.-- Returns to
Rome.--Pompey determined on War.--Cicero's Uncertainties.--
Resolution of the Senate and Consuls.--Caesar recalled.--Alarm in
Rome.-- Alternative Schemes.--Letters of Cicero.--Caesar's Crime in
the Eyes of the Optimates.

CHAPTER XXI.
Caesar appeals to his Army.--The Tribunes join him at Rimini.--Panic
and Flight of the Senate.--Incapacity of Pompey.--Fresh Negotiations.--
Advance of Caesar.--The Country Districts refuse to arm against him.--
Capture of Corfinium.--Release of the Prisoners.--Offers of Caesar.--
Continued Hesitation of Cicero.--Advises Pompey to make
Peace.--Pompey, with the Senate and Consuls, flies to
Greece.--Cicero's Reflections.-- Pompey to be another Sylla.--Caesar
Mortal, and may die by more Means than one.

CHAPTER XXII.
Pompey's Army in Spain.--Caesar at Rome.--Departure for
Spain.--Marseilles refuses to receive him.--Siege of Marseilles.--Defeat
of Pompey's Lieutenants at Lerida.--The whole Army made
Prisoners.--Surrender of Varro.--Marseilles taken.--Defeat of Curio by
King Juba in Africa.-- Caesar named Dictator.--Confusion in
Rome.--Caesar at Brindisi.--Crosses to Greece in Midwinter.--Again
offers Peace.--Pompey's Fleet in the Adriatic.--Death of
Bibulus.--Failure of Negotiations.--Caelius and Milo killed.--Arrival of
Antony in Greece with the Second Division of Caesar's Army.--Siege
of Durazzo.--Defeat and Retreat of Caesar.--The Senate and
Pompey.--Pursuit of Caesar.--Battle of Pharsalia.--Flight of
Pompey.--The Camp taken.--Complete Overthrow of the Senatorial
Faction.--Cicero on the Situation once more.

CHAPTER XXIII.
Pompey flies to Egypt.--State of Parties in Egypt.--Murder of
Pompey.--His Character.--Caesar follows him to Alexandria.--Rising in
the City.-- Caesar besieged in the Palace.--Desperate Fighting.--Arrival
of Mithridates of Pergamus.--Battle near Cairo, and Death of the
Young Ptolemy.--Cleopatra.--The Detention of Caesar enables the
Optimates to rally.--Ill Conduct of Caesar's Officers in Spain.--War
with Pharnaces.-- Battle of Zela, and Settlement of Asia Minor.

CHAPTER XXIV.
The Aristocracy raise an Army in Africa.--Supported by
Juba.--Pharsalia not to end the War.--Caesar again in Rome.--Restores
Order.--Mutiny in Caesar's Army.--The Mutineers submit.--Caesar