Ancient China Simplified | Page 9

all purely
Yang-tsz riverine states--Ts'u alone knew the south--CHÊNG's
ignorance of the south--Ts'u and orthodox China of the same ancient
stock-- Tsin's ignorance of Central China--Tsin defines Chinese limits
for Ts'u--Ancient orthodox nucleus was the "Central State," a name still
employed to mean "China" as a whole.
CHAPTER XL

_TOMBS AND REMAINS._
Evidences still remaining in the shape of the tombs of great historical
personages--Elephants used to work at the Wu tombs-- Royal Ts'u
tomb desecrated--Relics of 1122 B.C. found in Lu--Ts'in destitute of
relics--Confucius and the Duke of Chou's relics--Each generation of
Chinese sees and doubts not of its own antiquities-- No reason for
European scepticism--Native critics know much more than we do.
CHAPTER XLI
THE TARTARS From ancient times Tartars intimately connected with
the Chinese-- How the Chou state had to migrate to avoid the
Tartars--Chou ancestors had originally fled from China to the
Tartars--Chou family's subsequent dealings with the Tartars--How Ts'in
replaced Chou as the semi-Tartar or westernmost state of
China--Tartars for many centuries in possession of Yellow River north
bank--Once extended to Kiang Su province--Confucius' knowledge of
the Tartars--Tartar attacks in the eighth and seventh centuries B.C.--
Causes of the Protector system--Incompetence of Emperors to stave off
Tartar attacks--Ts'i's extensive relations with the Tartars-- The Second
Protector and his adviser--Rude treatment of the Second Protector by
the orthodox Chinese states--Ts'u's bluff hospitality-- Second Protector
had to check Chinese instead of Tartar ambitions-- Tsin's Tartar
admixture--Comparison with Roman adventurers--How Tartars have in
modern times ruled China and Asia.
CHAPTER XLII
MUSIC Music in Chinese life--Confucius' present dwelling and the
ancient instruments therein--Comparison with Wagner's
Ring--Musicians as corrupters of simplicity--Tsin and Ts'in
dialects--Music as an adjunct to government--Confucius' views on
music--Ts'u music--The effect of music on the mind--Rewards in the
shape of right to play certain tunes--The Emperor Muh's music--Music
coupled with soothsaying--Lao-tsz on benevolence and justice-Playing
the banjo-- Music at sacrifice or worship--Modern abstinence from

music-- First August Emperor compared with Saul and his music.
CHAPTER XLIII
_WEALTH, SPORTS, ETC._
Ancient and modern ideas of wealth--Ts'in and Ts'u valuables--
Furniture--Mats and divans--Tea and wine--Tartar couches--Inlaid
ivory sofas--State treasure--Wealth in horses-Silks and furs in Tsin and
Ts'u--Women as property--Pearls and jade as portable property--A
Chinese Crocesus--Escape by sea to Shan Tung--Gold as
money--Bribery with "metal"--Iron and gold mines in Wu--Fine Wu
swords--"Cash" as coins--Ts'u money--Weight of a gold piece--Cooks
important personages--"Meat-eaters" meant the ruling classes-- Silk
universal--Poor wore hemp--No cotton--Ts'in custom of wearing
swords--Jade marks of rank--Sports--Egret fights-war hunts--Horses in
Peking plain--Hunting chariots and "shaft-gates"--_Yamen, ya_, and
Turkish encampments--Cockfighting-Lifting heavy weights--Ball
games--Women at looms--Little said of family life-- No homely
pastimes--No squeezed feet--Helplessness of the people under their
taskmasters.
CHAPTER XLIV
CONFUCIUS Confucius--His merits--His imperial and ducal
origin--Migration of his family from Sung to Lu--His warrior
father--His quaint childish fancies--Lu officer foretells his
greatness--His first pupils--His appointment as steward--His visit to
Laos--No reason for mentioning this visit in history--Neither
philosopher yet "great"--Lu in a quandary--Helplessness of the
Emperor under Tsin, Ts'i, and Ts'u pressure--Yen-tsz sees Confucius,
and discusses Ts'in's greatness--Studying the Rites at Lu-Date of
Confucius' visit to Lao-tsz--Struggle of great families for popular
rights-- Confucius offers services to Ts'i--Examines Rites of Hia--Yen-
tsz's jealousy of Confucius--Confucius back in Lu--His literary
labours--His official posts and his views on law--Ts'i overborne by
Wu--Ts'i's attempt at assassination defeated by Confucius'

diplomacy--Treaty between Lu and Ts'i--Civil war in Lu--Confucius
Premier--Successful administration--Confucius leaves Lu in
disgust--His treatment in Wei state--Leaves Wei, but returns to old
friend there--Confucius' suspicious visit to a lady--Leaves disgusted via
Sung for Ts'ao--Visits to Cheng (mistaken for Tsz-ch'an) and Ch'en--A
prey to rival ambitions--Episode of the Manchurian bustard--Revisits
Wei--Arrested; solemn promise broken-- Base behaviour--Starts to visit
Tsin--Confucius' enemy repents-- Arrangements to get Confucius back
to Lu--He first visits Ts'ai- Excursion to Ts'u--Three years more in
Ts'ai--T-s'u's literary status--Competition amongst princes for
Confucius' services-- Confucius and war--Reaches Lu after fourteen
years of wandering-- Confucius' travels the same as the Second
Protector's--Consoles himself with literature--Popularizes history-Edits
the Changes and the Odes--His history--The Tso Chwan.
CHAPTER XLV
_CONFUCIUS AND LAO-TSZ_
Historians had to be careful--Reverence for rulers--Confucius'
feelings--His failings--All on the surface--His concealments--His artful
censures--Sanctity of the classes--Confucius' meannesses and
indiscretions--Allowances must be made for time and place-- Tsz-ch'an
quite as good a man--Reasons for permanency of Confucian
system--Reasons for Lao-tsz not being mentioned--All Chinese
statesman-philosophers were, or tried to be, practical--First mention of
Lao-tsz's new Taoism--Lao-tsz well known 400 B.C.-- State intercourse
before Confucius' time--Philosophy taught by word of
mouth--Cheapening of books accounts for spread of
knowledge--Description of ancient books--Confucius was young when
he visited Lao-tsz--Lao-t&s book in ancient character--Meagreness of
details evidence of rigid truth--Obscurity of the Emperor-- Difficult
questions of fact answered--How Lao-tsz was visited-- Proofs of
genuineness--Originals must be studied by foreign critics.
CHAPTER XLVI

ORACLES AND OMENS Consulting the oracles--The Changes, or
Book of Diagrams--Ts'u and Ts'i as instructors of