An Outline of the Relations between England and Scotland (500-1707) | Page 9

of the feudalization of Scotland. Our argument amounts
only to a modification, and not to a complete reversal of the current
theory. No historical problems are more difficult than those which refer
to racial distribution, and it is impossible to speak dogmatically on such
a subject. That the English blood of the Lothians, and the English exiles

after the Norman Conquest, did modify the race over whom Malcolm
Canmore ruled, we do not seek to deny. But that it was a modification
and not a displacement, a victory of civilization and not of race, we beg
to suggest. The English influences were none the less strong for this,
and, in the end, they have everywhere prevailed. But the Scotsman may
like to think that mediæval Scotland was not divided by an abrupt racial
line, and that the political unity and independence which it obtained at
so great a cost did correspond to a natural and a national unity which no
people can, of itself, create.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 1: Spanish and Venetian Calendars of State Papers. Cf.
especially the reference to the succour afforded by Scotland to France
in Spanish Calendar, i. 210.]
[Footnote 2: Historical Essays, First Series, p. 71.]
[Footnote 3: History of the English People, Book III, c. iv.]
[Footnote 4: History of Scotland, vol. i, p. 2. But, as Mr. Lang
expressly repudiates any theory of displacement north of the Forth, and
does not regard Harlaw in the light of a great racial contest, his position
is not really incompatible with that of the present work.]
[Footnote 5: History of England, p. 158. Mr. Oman is almost alone in
not calling them English in blood.]
[Footnote 6: History of Scotland, vol. ii, pp. 393-394.]
[Footnote 7: Instances of the first tendency are Edderton, near Tain,
_i.e._ eadar duin ("between the hillocks"), and Falkirk, _i.e._ Eaglais
("speckled church"), while examples of the second tendency are too
numerous to require mention. Examples of ecclesiastical names are
Laurencekirk and Kirkcudbright, and the growth of commerce receives
the witness of such names as Turnberry, on the coast of Ayr, dating
from the thirteenth century, and Burghead on the Moray Firth.]

[Footnote 8: Cf. Waverley, c. xliii, and the concluding chapter of Tales
of a Grandfather.]
[Footnote 9: William of Newburgh states this in a probably exaggerated
form when he says:--"Regni Scottici oppida et burgi ab Anglis habitari
noscuntur" (Lib. II, c. 34). The population of the towns in the Lothians
was, of course, English.]
[Footnote 10: For the real significance of such grants of land, cf.
Maitland, Domesday Book and Beyond, Essay II.]
[Footnote 11: Scotland under her Early Kings, vol. i, p. 239.]
[Footnote 12: Annalia, iv.]
[Footnote 13: There is a possible exception in Barbour's Bruce (Bk.
XVIII, 1. 443)--"Then gat he all the Erischry that war intill his
company, of Argyle and the Ilis alswa". It has been generally
understood that the "Erischry" here are the Scottish Highlanders; but it
is certain that Barbour frequently uses the word to mean Irishmen, and
it is perhaps more probable that he does so here also than that he should
use the word in this sense only once, and with no parallel instance for
more than a century.]
[Footnote 14: Chronicle, Book II, c. ix. Cf. App. A.]
[Footnote 15: Ibid, Book V, c. x. Cf. App. A.]
[Footnote 16: History of Greater Britain, Bk. I, cc. vii, viii, ix. Cf. App.
A.]
[Footnote 17: Scotorum Regni Descriptio, prefixed to his "History". Cf.
App. A.]
[Footnote 18: Fasti Aberdonenses, p. 3.]
[Footnote 19: De Gestis Scotorum, Lib. I. Cf. App. A. It is interesting
to note, as showing how the breach between Highlander and Lowlander
widened towards the close of the sixteenth century, that Father James

Dalrymple, who translated Lesley's History, at Ratisbon, about the
beginning of the seventeenth century, wrote: "Bot the rest of the Scottis,
quhome we halde as outlawis and wylde peple". Dalrymple was
probably a native of Ayrshire.]
[Footnote 20: Liber Pluscardensis, X, c. xxii. Cf. App. A.]
[Footnote 21: _Scoti-chronicon_, XV, c. xxi. Cf. App. A.]
[Footnote 22: Greater Britain, VI, c. x. Cf. App. A. The keenness of
the fighting is no proof of racial bitterness. Cf. the clan fight on the
Inches at Perth, a few years before Harlaw.]
[Footnote 23: _Scotorum Historiæ_, Lib. XVI. Cf. App. A.]
[Footnote 24: Rerum Scotorum Historia, Lib. X. Cf. App. A.]
[Footnote 25: _Top. Hib._, Dis. III, cap. xi.]
[Footnote 26: Britannia, section Scoti.]
[Footnote 27: Mahoun = Mahomet, _i.e._ the Devil.]
[Footnote 28: The Editor of the Scottish Text Society's edition of
Dunbar points out that "Macfadyane" is a reference to the traitor of the
War of Independence:
"This Makfadzane till Inglismen was suorn; Eduard gaiff him bath
Argill and Lorn".
Blind Harry, VII, ll. 627-8.
]
[Footnote 29: