1001 Questions and Answers on Orthography and Reading | Page 9

notation; in the
Latin, 160.
29. What is the Numerical value of V? 5 in the Roman notation.
30. What are the values of X as a Numeral? In the Roman, 10; in the
Greek, 60.
31. What are the Numerical values of Z? 7 in the Greek notation; and
2,000 in the Roman.
32. Why have J, U, W, and Y no Numerical values? Because they have
been introduced into the Alphabet since the Science of Arithmetical
Notation was invented.
33. _What effect does it have on the value of a letter to draw a line
above it?_ In most cases it increases its value a thousand times.
34. Is a line ever drawn beneath a letter for the same purpose? In some
instances it is.

35. _What effect does it have on a letter as a numeral to repeat it?_
Repeats its value as often as it is repeated.

CAPITALS AND ITALICS.
1. What is a Capital letter? A large letter.
2. What is an Italic letter? A form of oblique letters derived from the
Italians.
3. What is Rule 1 for the use of Capitals? Title pages and headings of
chapters should be entirely in capitals.
4. Give Rule 2. The first word of every book, tract, essay, letter, etc.,
should begin with a capital.
5. Give Rule 3. The first word of every sentence should begin with a
capital.
6. Give Rule 4. Clauses separately numbered should begin with a
capital.
7. Give Rule 5. The first word after an interrogation point should
usually begin with a capital.
8. Give Rule 6. The first word of a clause, or sentence, given as an
example, should begin with a capital.
9. Give Rule 7. In quoting a title of a book, each important word of the
title should begin with a capital.
10. Give Rule 8. First word of a direct question should begin with a
capital.
11. Give Rule 9. The first word of a direct quotation should begin with
a capital.

12. Give Rule 10. All letters used as numerals should be written or
printed in capitals.
13. Give Rule 11. The pronoun I should always be a capital.
14. Give Rule 12. The vocative particle O should always be a capital.
15. Give Rule 13. The first word of every line of poetry should begin
with a capital.
16. Give one exception to Rule 13. In humorous poetry, when a word is
divided at the end of a line, the detached syllable at the beginning of
the next line should begin with a small letter.
17. Give Rule 14. All names and titles of the Deity should begin with a
capital.
18. Give Rule 15. All proper names should begin with a capital.
19. Give Rule 16. All words derived from proper nouns should begin
with a capital.
20. Give Rule 17. Titles of honor and distinction should begin with
capitals.
21. Give Rule 18. The words father, mother, sister, brother, aunt, etc.,
when followed by a proper noun, should always begin with a capital.
22. Give Rule 19. All words referring to the Bible should begin with a
capital.
23. Give Rule 20. All proper adjectives should begin with a capital.
24. Give Rule 21. The names of famous events, historical eras, noted
documents, etc., should begin with a capital.
25. What establishes a rule for Capitals? Good usage, or custom.
26. Give Rule 1 for the use of Italics. Words for emphasis should be

printed in italics.
27. Give Rule 2. Names of books, poems, etc., are usually printed in
italics.
28. Give Rule 3. Words from foreign languages are printed in italics.
29. Give Rule 4. Words in the Bible supplied by the translators are
printed in italics.
30. _How are written words marked that are to be printed in Capitals?_
By underscoring the words with two lines.
31. _How are written words marked that are to be printed in Italics?_
By underscoring the words with one line.
32. When use the Interjection O? The letter O is a vocative particle, and
should always be used before nouns or pronouns in the absolute case by
direct address.--[Ridpath.]
33. When use Oh? In all cases where it is not followed by nouns, or
pronouns, in the vocative case.--[Ridpath.]

ABBREVIATIONS.
1. What is an abbreviation? One or more of the letters of a word
standing for the whole word.
2. What is the signification of A.C.S.? American Colonization Society.
3. Give meaning A.B.C.F.M. American Board of Commissioners for
Foreign Missions.
4. What is the signification AAA.? Amalgamation.
5. What is the signification of Ang.-Sax.? Anglo-Saxon.
6. Give signification of A.T. Arch-Treasurer.

7. What is the signification of C.A.S.? Fellow of the Connecticut
Academy.
8. What is the signification of C.C.? County Court, or County
Commissioner.