Scientific American Supplement, No. 795, March 28, 1891

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Scientific American Supplement,
No. 795, March 28, 1891

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Title: Scientific American Supplement, No. 795, March 28, 1891
Author: Various
Release Date: September 12, 2004 [EBook #13443]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
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[Illustration]

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT NO. 795

NEW YORK, March 28, 1891.

Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XXXI., No. 795.
Scientific American established 1845
Scientific American Supplement, $5 a year.
Scientific American and Supplement, $7 a year.
* * * * *
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
I. AVICULTURE.--The Effect on Fowls of Nitrogenous and
Carbonaceous Rations.--A very valuable report upon the effects of
different diet on chickens, with tables of data.--1 illustration
II. BIOGRAPHY.--N.F. Burnham and his Life Work.--By W.H.
BURNHAM. --The life of one of the earliest turbine wheel
manufacturers, an inventor of turbine wheels and auxiliary machinery.
--1 illustration
III. BOTANY.--The Source of Chinese Ginger.--An identification of a
long unknown plant
IV. CIVIL ENGINEERING.--A Railway through the Andes.--An
interesting enterprise now in progress in South America, with maps.--2
illustrations
Chicago as a Seaport.--Proposed connection of Chicago with the waters
of the Mississippi River, thereby placing it in water communication
with the sea.--2 illustrations
Floating Elevator and Spoil Distributor.--A machine for removing
dredged material from barges, as employed on the Baltic Sea Canal
Works.--10 illustrations
V. ELECTRICITY.--Alternate Current Condensers.--A valuable review
of the difficulties of constructing these condensers.--An important
contribution to the subject.--1 illustration
Electricity in Transitu.--From Plenum to Vacuum.--By Prof.
WILLIAM CROOKES.--Continuation of this important lecture with
profuse illustrations of experiments.--14 illustrations
The Telegraphic Communication between Great Britain, Europe,
America, and the East.--By GEORGE WALTER NIVEN.-- The
engineering aspects of electricity.--The world's cables and
connections.--2 illustrations
VI. HORTICULTURE.--Herbaceous Grafting.--A hitherto little
practiced and successful method of treating herbs, with curious results
VII. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.--Improved Cold Iron

Saw.--The "Demon" cold saw for cutting Iron.--Its capacity and general
principles.--1 illustration
VIII. MEDICINE AND HYGIENE.--How to Prevent Hay Fever.--By
ALEXANDER RIXA.--A systematic treatment of this very
troublesome complaint, with a special prescription and other treatment.
IX. MISCELLANEOUS.--The Business End of the American
Newspaper.--By A.H. SIEGFRIED.--A graphic presentation of the
technique of the newspaper office, circulation of the American papers,
methods of printing, etc.
The New Labor Exchange at Paris.--A new establishment, long
demanded by the laboring population of Paris.--Its scope and
prospects.--2 illustrations
X. NAVAL ENGINEERING.--The Empress of India.--The pioneer of a
fast mail service to ply in connection with the Canadian Pacific
Railway between Vancouver, China, and Japan.--1 illustration
XI. PHYSICS.--Stereoscopic Projections.--A most curious method of
securing stereoscopic effects with the magic lantern upon the screen,
involving the use of colored spectacles by the spectators. --1 illustration
XII. TECHNOLOGY.--Gaseous Illuminants.--By Prof. VIVIAN B.
LEWES.--The fifth and last of Prof. Lewes' Society of Arts lectures,
concluding his review of the subject of gas manufacture
* * * * *

THE NEW LABOR EXCHANGE AT PARIS.
There will soon be inaugurated (probably about the 14th of July) a new
establishment that has long been demanded by the laboring population,
that is to say, a new labor exchange, the buildings of which, situated on
Chateau d'Eau Street, are to succeed the provisional exchange installed
in the vicinity of Le Louvre Street. The new structures have been
erected from plans by Mr. Bouvard, and occupy an area of seventeen
hundred meters.
The main work is now entirely terminated, but the interior decorations
are not yet completely finished. The distribution comprises a vast
meeting room, committee rooms for the various syndicates, offices in
which the workmen of the various bodies of trades will find
information and advice, and will be enabled to be put in relation with
employers without passing through the more or less recommendable

agencies to which they have hitherto been obliged to have recourse.
[Illustration: NEW LABOR EXCHANGE, PARIS.]
Upon the whole, the institution, if wisely conducted, is capable of
bearing fruit and ought to do so, and the laboring population of Paris
should be grateful to the municipal council for the six million francs
that our ediles have so generously voted for making this interesting
work a success. On seeing the precautions, perhaps necessary, that the
laborer now takes against the capitalist, we cannot help instituting a
comparison with the antique and solid organization of labor that
formerly governed the trades unions. Each corporation possessed a
syndic charged with watching over the management of affairs, and
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