Five Lectures on Blindness

Five Lectures on Blindness, by
Kate M. Foley

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Title: Five Lectures on Blindness
Author: Kate M. Foley
Release Date: July 30, 2007 [EBook #22170]
Language: English
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CALIFORNIA STATE LIBRARY

FIVE LECTURES
ON
BLINDNESS
By
KATE M. FOLEY
Home Teacher of the Blind California State Library
CALIFORNIA STATE PRINTING OFFICE SACRAMENTO 1919
Copyright 1919 By the California State Library.

CONTENTS
PHOTOGRAPH 4
FOREWORD 5
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF BLINDNESS 6
THE BLIND CHILD AND ITS DEVELOPMENT 14
THE RE-EDUCATION OF THE BLIND ADULT 23
THE ATTITUDE OF THE PUBLIC TOWARD THE BLIND 32
PREVENTION OF BLINDNESS AND CONSERVATION OF
VISION IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 40

* * * * *
[Illustration: Miss Foley teaching a class of men at the Industrial Home

for the Adult Blind, Oakland, California.]
* * * * *

FOREWORD.
The following lectures were written primarily to be delivered at the
summer sessions of the University of California, at Berkeley and at Los
Angeles, in the summer of 1918. We are printing them, however, so
that the information in them can be more widely distributed, since they
are the outgrowth of almost a quarter of a century spent in work for the
blind, and were written from the standpoint of a blind person, seeking
to better the condition of the blind. They were addressed not to the
blind, but to the seeing public, for the benefit that will accrue to the
blind from a better understanding of their problems.
The successful work of Miss Foley as a student in the California School
for the Blind, as a volunteer teacher, and in recent years as home
teacher for the California State Library, makes these lectures
particularly important and authoritative.
MILTON J. FERGUSON, State Librarian.

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF BLINDNESS.
In view of the widespread interest now manifested in the blind and their
problems--an interest deepened by reports from the warring countries--I
feel that a knowledge of the psychology of blindness should prove of
great help to those wishing to take part in the re-education of the
war-blinded soldiers.
As early as 1773, Diderot wrote an essay on the psychology of
blindness, and, as this essay was written at the very beginning of blind
education, it is interesting to note that his ideas coincide with the most
advanced deductions on the subject today. However, as these

deductions are not very numerous, and as the available literature is very
scant, I shall be obliged to draw largely from my own experience and
that of other blind persons, in presenting the subject to you.
First, let us consider the subject from the point of view of one who has
been blind from early infancy, whose fingers are his eyes, and whose
mental vision enables him to see many things not revealed by physical
sight. A blind man once said, when asked if he would not be glad to
have his eyesight, "to improve the organs I have, would be as good as
to give me that which is wanting in me." This sentence sums up the
whole aim of blind education. Dr. Eichholtz, a noted educator of the
blind, says: "Education of the blind absolutely fails in its object, in so
far as it fails to develop the remaining faculties to compensate for the
want of sight." "Touch and sight must be developed by means which
practically in all respects are dissimilar. A blind man discerns the
sensation from the real presence of an object at his fingers' end, only by
the force or weakness of that very sensation." So, then, let us consider
that, to the blind, fingers are eyes, and remember that they have ten
instead of two. As I have been blind since early infancy, my own case
offers an illustration in point, so I hope you will not misunderstand the
predominance of the personal note in these observations.
Blindness does not lead to any refinement of the senses of touch,
hearing or smell, but to a greater keenness in the interpretation of the
information furnished by these senses. Diderot says, "the help which
our senses reciprocally afford to each other, hinders their
improvement," and so the person in possession of all the