Facts About Champagne and Other Sparkling Wines | Page 2

and
Moët and Chandon's Vendangeoirs-- Pressing the Grapes-- Still Red
Bouzy-- Ambonnay-- A Peasant Proprietor-- The Vineyards of
Ville-Dommange and Sacy, Hermonville, and St. Thierry-- The Still
Red Wine of the latter 32

IV.--THE VINES OF THE CHAMPAGNE AND THE SYSTEM OF
CULTIVATION.
The Vines chiefly of the Pineau Variety-- The Plant doré of Ay, the
Plant vert doré, the Plant gris, and the Epinette-- The Soil of the
Vineyards-- Close Mode of Plantation-- The Operation of Provinage--
The Stems of the Vines never more than Three Years Old-- Fixing the
Stakes to the Vines-- Manuring and General Cultivation-- Spring Frosts
in the Champagne-- Various Modes of Protecting the Vines against
them-- Dr. Guyot's System-- The Parasites that Prey upon the Vines 42
V.--PREPARATION OF CHAMPAGNE.
Treatment of Champagne after it comes from the Wine-Press-- Racking
and Blending of the Wine-- Deficiency and Excess of Effervescence--
Strength and Form of Champagne Bottles-- The "Tirage" or Bottling of
the Wine-- The Process of Gas-making commences-- Inevitable
Breakage follows-- Wine Stacked in Piles-- Formation of Sediment--
Bottles placed "sur pointe" and Daily Shaken-- Effect of this
occupation on those incessantly engaged in it-- "Claws" and "Masks"--
Champagne Cellars-- Their Construction and Aspect-- Transforming
the "vin brut" into Champagne-- Disgorging and Liqueuring the Wine--
The Corking, Stringing, Wiring, and Amalgamating-- The Wine's
Agitated Existence comes to an End-- The Bottles have their Toilettes
made-- Champagne sets out on its beneficial Pilgrimage 48
VI.--THE REIMS CHAMPAGNE ESTABLISHMENTS.
Messrs. Werlé and Co., successors to the Veuve Clicquot-Ponsardin--
Their Offices and Cellars on the site of a Former Commanderie of the
Templars-- Origin of the Celebrity of Madame Clicquot's Wines-- M.
Werlé and his Son-- The Forty-five Cellars of the Clicquot-Werlé
Establishment-- Our Tour of Inspection-- Ingenious Liqueuring
Machine-- An Explosion and its Consequences-- M. Werlé's Gallery of
Paintings-- Madame Clicquot's Renaissance House and its Picturesque
Bas-reliefs-- The Werlé Vineyards and Vendangeoirs-- M. Louis
Roederer's Establishment-- Heidsieck and Co. and their Famous
"Monopole" Brand-- The Firm Founded in the Last Century-- Their

various Establishments Inside and Outside Reims-- The Matured Wines
Shipped by them 63
VII.--THE REIMS ESTABLISHMENTS (continued).
The Firm of G. H. Mumm and Co.-- Their Large Shipments to the
United States-- Their Establishments in the Rue Andrieux and the Rue
Coquebert-- Bottle-Washing with Glass Beads-- The Cuvée and the
Tirage-- G. H. Mumm and Co.'s Vendangeoirs at Verzenay-- Their
Various Wines-- The Gate of Mars-- The Establishment of M. Gustave
Gibert on the Site of the Château des Archevêques-- His Cellars in the
Vaults of St. Peter's Abbey and beneath the old Hôtel des Fermes in the
Place Royale-- Louis XV. and Jean Baptiste Colbert-- M. Gibert's
Wines-- Jules Mumm and Co., and Ruinart père et fils-- House of the
Musicians-- The Counts de la Marck-- The Brotherhood of Minstrels of
Reims-- Establishment of Périnet et fils-- Their Cellars of Three Stories
in Solid Masonry-- Their Soft, Light, and Delicate Wines-- A Rare Still
Verzenay-- M. Duchâtel-Ohaus's Establishment and Renaissance
House-- His Cellars in the Cour St. Jacques and Outside the Porte
Dieu-Lumière 74
VIII.--THE REIMS ESTABLISHMENTS (continued).
M. Ernest Irroy's Cellars, Vineyards, and Vendangeoirs-- Recognition
by the Reims Agricultural Association of his Plantations of Vines-- His
Wines and their Popularity at the best London Clubs-- Messrs. Binet
fils and Co.'s Establishment-- Wines Sold by the Firm to Shippers--
Their Cellars-- Samples of Fine Still Ay and Bouzy-- Their Still Sillery,
Vintage 1857, and their Creaming Vin Brut, Vintage 1865-- The
Offices and Cellars of Messrs. Charles Farre and Co.-- Testing the
Wine before Bottling-- A Promenade between Bottles in Piles and
Racks-- Repute in which these Wines are held in England and on the
Continent-- The New Establishment of Fisse, Thirion, and Co. in the
Place de Betheny-- Its Construction exclusively in Stone, Brick, and
Iron-- The Vast Celliers of Two Stories-- Bottling the Wine by the Aid
of Machinery-- The Cool and Lofty Cellars-- Ingenious Method of
Securing the Corks, rendering the Uncorking exceedingly simple-- The
Wines Shipped by the Firm 86

IX.--THE REIMS ESTABLISHMENTS (concluded).
La Prison de Bonne Semaine-- Mary Queen of Scots at Reims-- Messrs.
Pommery and Greno's Offices-- A Fine Collection of Faïence-- The
Rue des Anglais a former Refuge of English Catholics-- Remains of the
Old University of Reims-- Ancient Roman Tower and Curious Grotto--
The handsome Castellated Pommery Establishment-- The Spacious
Cellier and Huge Carved Cuvée Tun-- The Descent to the Cellars--
Their Great Extent-- These Lofty Subterranean Chambers Originally
Quarries-- Ancient Places of Refuge of the Early Christians and the
Protestants-- Madame Pommery's Splendid Cuvée of 1868-- Messrs. de
St. Marceaux and Co.'s New Establishment in the Avenue de Sillery--
Its Garden-Court and Circular Shaft-- Animated Scene in the Large
Packing Hall-- Lowering Bottled Wine to the Cellars-- Great Depth and
Extent of these Cellars-- Messrs. de