Disputed Handwriting | Page 3

EXPERTS THE SAFETY OF THE MODERN BANK
A New Departure in Banks--Examining All Signatures a Sure Preventive Against Forgery--The "Filling in" Process--How One Forger Operated--Marvelous Accuracy of a Paying Teller--How He Attained Perfection--How Signature Clerks Work--A Common Dodge of Forgers--Post Dated Checks--A System That Prevents Forged and Raised Checks--Not a Forged or Raised Check Paid in Years
CHAPTER XIII
HOW TO DETERMINE AGE OF ANY WRITING
The Different Kinds of Ink Met With--Inks That Darken by Exposure to Sunlight and Air--Introduction of Aniline Colors to Determine the Age of Writings--An Almost Infallible Rule to Follow--Determining Age of Writing By Ink Used--The Ammonia System a Sure One--A Question of Great Interest to Bankers and Bank Employes--Thick and Thin Inks--So-Called Safety Inks That Are Not Safe--How to Restore Faded Inks--An Infallible Rule--Restoring Faded Writing--Restored By the Silk and Cotton System That Anyone Can Arrange--Danger of Exposing Restored Writing to the Sun
CHAPTER XIV
DETECTING FRAUD AND FORGERY IN PAPERS AND DOCUMENTS
Infallible Rules for the Detection of Same--New Methods of Research--Changing Wills and Books of Accounts--Judgment of the Naked Eye--Using a Microscope or Magnifying Glass--Changeable Effects of Ink--How to Detect the Use of Different Inks--Sized Papers Not Easily Altered--Inks That Produce Chemical Effects--Inks That Destroy Fiber of Paper--How to Test Tampered or Altered Documents--Treating Papers Suspected of Forgery--Using Water to Detect Fraud--Discovering Scratched Paper--Means Forgers Use to Mask Fraudulent Operations--How to Prepare and Handle Test Papers--Detecting Paper That Has Been Washed--Various Other Valuable Tests to Determine Forgery--A Simple Operation That Anyone Can Apply--Iodine Used on Papers and Documents--An Alcohol Test That Is Certain--Bringing Out Telltale Spots--Double Advantage of Certain Tests--Reappearance of Former Letters or Figures--What Genuine Writing Reveals--When an Entire Paper or Document is Forged
CHAPTER XV
GUIDED HANDWRITING AND METHOD USED
The Most Frequent and Dangerous Method of Forgery--How to Detect a Guided Signature--What Guided Handwriting Is and How It Is Done--Character of Such Writing--Writing by a Guided Hand--Difficulty in Writing--Force Exercised by Joint Hands--A Hand More or Less Passive--Work of the Controlling Hand--How Guided Writing Appears--Two Writers Acting in Opposition--Distorted Writing--How a Legitimate Guided Hand is Directed and Supported--Pen Motion Necessary to Produce Same--Influence in Guiding a Stronger Hand--Avoiding an Unnatural and Cramped Position--Effect of the Brain on Guided Hand--Separating Characteristics from Guided Joint Signature--Detecting Writing by a System of Measurement
CHAPTER XVI
TALES TOLD BY HANDWRITING
Telling the Nationality, Sex and Age of Anyone Who Executes Handwriting--Americans and Their Style of Writing--How English, German, and French Write--Gobert, the French Expert, and How He Saved Dreyfus--Miser Paine and His Millions Saved by an Expert--Writing with Invisible Ink--Professor Braylant's Secret Writing Without Ink--Professor Gross Discovers a Simple Secret Writing Method With a Piece of Pointed Hardwood--A System Extensively Used--Studying the Handwriting of Authors--How to Determine a Person's Character and Disposition by Handwriting
CHAPTER XVII
WORKINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT SECRET SERVICE
Officials of This Department Talk About Their Work--How Criminals Are Traced, Caught and Punished--Its Work Extending to All Departments--Secret Service Districts--Reports Made to the Treasury Department--Good Money and Bad--How to Detect the False--System of Numbering United States Notes Explained--Counterfeiting on the Decrease--Counterfeiting Gold Certificates--Bank Tellers and Counterfeits--The Best Secret Service in the World
CHAPTER XVIII
CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT INDICATED BY HANDWRITING
A Man's Handwriting a Part of Himself--Handwriting and Personality--Cheap Postage and Typewriters Playing Havoc with Writing by Hand--Old Time Correspondence Vanishing--Two Divisions of Handwriting--Fashion Has Changed Even Writing--Characteristic Writing of Different Professions--One's Handwriting a Sure Index to Character and Temperament--Personality of Handwriting--Handwriting a Voiceless Speaking--A Neglected Science--Interest in Disputed Handwriting Rapidly Coming to the Front--Set Writing Copies no Longer the Rule--Formal Handwriting--Education's Effect on Writing--Handwriting and Personality--The Character and Temperament of Writers Easily Told--Honest, Eccentric, and Weak People--How to Determine Character by Writing--The Marks of Truth and Straightforwardness--How Perseverance and Patience Are Indicated in Writing--Economy, Generosity and Liberality Easily Shown in Writing--The Character and Temperament of Any Writer Easily Shown--Studying Character from Handwriting a Fascinating Work--Rules for Its Study--Links in a Chain That Cannot be Hidden--A Person's Writing a Surer Index to Character Than His Face
CHAPTER XIX
HANDWRITING EXPERTS AS WITNESSES
Who May Testify As An Expert--Bank Officials and Bank Employes Always Desired--Definition of Expert and Opinion Evidence--Both Witness and Advocate--Witness in Cross Examination--Men Who Have Made the Science of Disputed Handwriting a Study--Objections to Appear in Court--Experts Contradicting Each Other--The Truth or Falsity of Handwriting--Sometimes a Mass of Doubtful Speculations--Paid Experts and Veracity--Present Method of Dealing with Disputed Handwriting Experts--How the Bench and Bar Regard the System--Remedies Proposed--Should an Expert Be an Adviser of the Court?--Free from Cross-Examination--Opinions of Eminent Judges on Expert Testimony--Experts Who Testify Without Experience--What a Bank Cashier or Teller Bases His Opinions on--Actions and Deductions of the Trained Handwriting Expert--Admitting Evidence of Handwriting Experts--Occupation and Theories That Make an Expert--Difference Between an Expert and a Witness--Experts and Test Writing--What Constitutes An Expert in Handwriting--Present Practice Regarding Experts--Assuming to Be a Competent Expert--Testing a Witness with Prepared Forged Signatures--Care in Giving Answers--A Writing Teacher As an Expert--Familiarity