Black and White

Black and White, by Timothy
Thomas Fortune

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Title: Black and White Land, Labor, and Politics in the South
Author: Timothy Thomas Fortune
Release Date: October 7, 2005 [EBook #16810]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
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BLACK AND WHITE
LAND, LABOR, and POLITICS in the SOUTH

By
TIMOTHY THOMAS FORTUNE
1884

AUTHOR'S PREFACE
In discussing the political and industrial problems of the South, I base
my conclusions upon a personal knowledge of the condition of classes
in the South, as well as upon the ample data furnished by writers who
have pursued, in their way, the question before me. That the colored
people of the country will yet achieve an honorable status in the
national industries of thought and activity, I believe, and try to make
plain.
In discussion of the land and labor problem I but pursue the theories
advocated by more able and experienced men, in the attempt to show
that the laboring classes of any country pay all the taxes, in the last
analysis, and that they are systematically victimized by legislators,
corporations and syndicates.
Wealth, unduly centralized, endangers the efficient workings of the
machinery of government. Land monopoly--in the hands of individuals,
corporations or syndicates--is at bottom the prime cause of the
inequalities which obtain; which desolate fertile acres turned over to
vast ranches and into bonanza farms of a thousand acres, where not one
family finds a habitation, where muscle and brain are supplanted by
machinery, and the small farmer is swallowed up and turned into a
tenant or slave. While in large cities thousands upon thousands of
human beings are crowded into narrow quarters where vice festers,
where crime flourishes undeterred, and where death is the most
welcome of all visitors.
The primal purpose in publishing this work is to show that the social
problems in the South are, in the main, the same as those which afflict
every civilized country on the globe; and that the future conflict in that

section will not be racial or political in character, but between capital
on the one hand and labor on the other, with the odds largely in favor of
nonproductive wealth because of the undue advantage given the latter
by the pernicious monopoly in land which limits production and forces
population disastrously upon subsistence. My purpose is to show that
poverty and misfortune make no invidious distinctions of "race, color,
or previous condition," but that wealth unduly centralized oppresses all
alike; therefore, that the labor elements of the whole United States
should sympathize with the same elements in the South, and in some
favorable contingency effect some unity of organization and action,
which shall subserve the common interest of the common class.
T. THOMAS FORTUNE. New York City, July 20, 1884.

CONTENTS
I--Black 1 II--White 6 III--The Negro and the Nation 13 IV--The
Triumph of the Vanquished 19 V--Illiteracy--Its Causes 28
VI--Education--Professional or Industrial 38 VII---How Not to Do It 55
VIII--The Nation Surrenders 62 IX--Political Independence of the
Negro 67 X--Solution of the Political Problem 79 XI--Land and Labor
89 XII--Civilization Degrades the Masses 96 XIII--Conditions of Labor
in the South 107 XIV--Classes in the South 120 XV--The Land
Problem 133 XVI--Conclusion 145 Appendix 151
On a summer day, when the great heat induced a general thirst, a Lion
and a Boar came at the same moment to a small well to drink. They
fiercely disputed which of them should drink first, and were soon
engaged in the agonies of a mortal combat. On their suddenly stopping
to take breath for the fiercer renewal of the strife, they saw some
vultures in the distance, waiting to feast on the one which should fall.
They at once made up their quarrel, saying, "It is better for us to be
friends, than to become the food of crows or vultures."--Æsop's Fables.
CHAPTER I

Black
There is no question to-day in American politics more unsettled than
the negro question; nor has there been a time since the adoption of the
Federal Constitution when this question has not, in one shape or
another, been a disturbing element, a deep-rooted cancer, upon the
body of our society, frequently occupying public attention to the
exclusion of all other questions. It appears to possess, as no other
question, the elements of perennial vitality.
The introduction of African slaves