A Practical Physiology

A Practical Physiology

The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Practical Physiology, by Albert F. Blaisdell This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net
Title: A Practical Physiology
Author: Albert F. Blaisdell
Release Date: December 14, 2003 [EBook #10453]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ASCII
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A PRACTICAL PHYSIOLOGY ***

Produced by Distributed Proofreaders

[Transcriber's Note: Figures 162-167 have been renumbered. In the original, Figure 162 was labeled as 161; 163 as 162; etc.]

A Practical Physiology
A Text-Book for Higher Schools
By
Albert F. Blaisdell, M.D.
Author of "Child's Book of Health," "How to Keep Well," "Our Bodies and How We Live," Etc., Etc.

Preface.

The author has aimed to prepare a text-book on human physiology for use in higher schools. The design of the book is to furnish a practical manual of the more important facts and principles of physiology and hygiene, which will be adapted to the needs of students in high schools, normal schools, and academies.
Teachers know, and students soon learn to recognize the fact, that it is impossible to obtain a clear understanding of the functions of the various parts of the body without first mastering a few elementary facts about their structure. The course adopted, therefore, in this book, is to devote a certain amount of space to the anatomy of the several organs before describing their functions.
A mere knowledge of the facts which can be gained in secondary schools, concerning the anatomy and physiology of the human body, is of little real value or interest in itself. Such facts are important and of practical worth to young students only so far as to enable them to understand the relation of these facts to the great laws of health and to apply them to daily living. Hence, it has been the earnest effort of the author in this book, as in his other physiologies for schools, to lay special emphasis upon such points as bear upon personal health.
Physiology cannot be learned as it should be by mere book study. The result will be meagre in comparison with the capabilities of the subject. The study of the text should always be supplemented by a series of practical experiments. Actual observations and actual experiments are as necessary to illuminate the text and to illustrate important principles in physiology as they are in botany, chemistry, or physics. Hence, as supplementary to the text proper, and throughout the several chapters, a series of carefully arranged and practical experiments has been added. For the most part, they are simple and can be performed with inexpensive and easily obtained apparatus. They are so arranged that some may be omitted and others added as circumstances may allow.
If it becomes necessary to shorten the course in physiology, the various sections printed in smaller type may be omitted or used for home study.
The laws of most of the states now require in our public schools the study of the effects of alcoholic drinks, tobacco, and other narcotics upon the bodily life. This book will be found to comply fully with all such laws.
The author has aimed to embody in simple and concise language the latest and most trustworthy information which can be obtained from the standard authorities on modern physiology, in regard to the several topics.
In the preparation of this text-book the author has had the editorial help of his esteemed friend, Dr. J. E. Sanborn, of Melrose, Mass., and is also indebted to the courtesy of Thomas E. Major, of Boston, for assistance in revising the proofs.
Albert F. Blaisdell.
Boston, August, 1897.

Contents.


Chapter I.
Introduction

Chapter II.
The Bones

Chapter III.
The Muscles

Chapter IV.
Physical Exercise

Chapter V.
Food and Drink

Chapter VI.
Digestion

Chapter VII.
The Blood and Its Circulation

Chapter VIII.
Respiration

Chapter IX.
The Skin and the Kidneys

Chapter X.
The Nervous System

Chapter XI.
The Special Sense

Chapter XII.
The Throat and the Voice

Chapter XIII.
Accidents and Emergencies

Chapter XIV.
In Sickness and in Health Care of the Sick-Room; Poisons and their Antidotes; Bacteria; Disinfectants; Management of Contagious Diseases.

Chapter XV.
Experimental Work in Physiology Practical Experiments; Use of the Microscope; Additional Experiments; Surface Anatomy and Landmarks.
Glossary
Index


Chapter I.
Introduction.

1. The Study of Physiology. We are now to take up a new study, and in a field quite different from any we have thus far entered. Of all our other studies,--mathematics, physics, history, language,--not one comes home to us with such peculiar interest as does physiology, because this is the study of ourselves.
Every thoughtful young person must have asked himself a hundred questions about the problems of human life: how it can be that the few articles of our daily food--milk, bread, meats, and similar things--build up our complex bodies, and by what strange magic they are transformed into hair, skin, teeth, bones, muscles, and blood.
How is it that we can lift these curtains